Table 2.
Regression coefficients (95% CI) of WC according to level of intake of RM and subtypes among Chinese adults, CHNS1
| Nonconsumers | Q12 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | P-trend3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | ||||||
| Total RM | ||||||
| Model 14 | −0.22 −0.53, 0.10) | 0.00 (ref) | 0.14 −0.16, 0.44) | 0.36 (0.04, 0.67)* | 0.71 (0.38, 1.04)*** | < 0.001 |
| Model 2 | −0.16 −0.47, 0.15) | 0.00 (ref) | 0.10 −0.20, 0.40) | 0.32 (0.01, 0.64)* | 0.64 (0.31, 0.97)*** | < 0.001 |
| Model 3 | −0.19 −0.50, 0.12) | 0.00 (ref) | 0.13 −0.18, 0.43) | 0.39 (0.07, 0.71)* | 0.73 (0.38, 1.09)*** | < 0.001 |
| Fresh RM | ||||||
| Model 1 | −0.21 −0.52, 0.10) | 0.00 (ref) | 0.09 −0.22, 0.39) | 0.31 −0.01, 0.62) | 0.70 (0.38, 1.03)*** | < 0.001 |
| Model 2 | −0.15 −0.46, 0.16) | 0.00 (ref) | 0.05 −0.25, 0.36) | 0.28 −0.04, 0.59) | 0.65 (0.32, 0.98)*** | < 0.001 |
| Model 3 | −0.18 −0.49, 0.13) | 0.00 (ref) | 0.07 −0.23, 0.38) | 0.34 (0.02, 0.66)* | 0.74 (0.39, 1.09)*** | < 0.001 |
| Fatty fresh RM | ||||||
| Model 1 | −0.09 −0.39, 0.21) | 0.00 (ref) | 0.30 −0.01, 0.62) | 0.39 (0.06, 0.72)* | 0.54 (0.21, 0.88)** | < 0.010 |
| Model 2 | −0.06 −0.36, 0.24) | 0.00 (ref) | 0.28 −0.03, 0.60) | 0.34 (0.02, 0.67)* | 0.53 (0.19, 0.86)** | 0.010 |
| Model 3 | −0.10 −0.40, 0.20) | 0.00 (ref) | 0.29 −0.02, 0.61) | 0.38 (0.05, 0.71)* | 0.59 (0.24, 0.95)** | 0.010 |
| Lean fresh RM | ||||||
| Model 1 | −0.30 −0.71, 0.10) | 0.00 (ref) | −0.10 −0.62, 0.41) | −0.06 −0.58, 0.45) | 0.18 −0.34, 0.71) | 0.440 |
| Model 2 | −0.27 −0.67, 0.13) | 0.00 (ref) | −0.16 −0.67, 0.35) | −0.12 −0.63, 0.40) | 0.15 −0.37, 0.68) | 0.650 |
| Model 3 | −0.27 −0.67, 0.13) | 0.00 (ref) | −0.12 −0.63, 0.39) | −0.13 −0.65, 0.38) | 0.14 −0.39, 0.66) | 0.920 |
| Women | ||||||
| Total RM | ||||||
| Model 1 | −0.12 −0.39, 0.16) | 0.00 (ref) | −0.09 −0.37, 0.19) | 0.22 −0.06, 0.51) | 0.25 −0.06, 0.55) | 0.030 |
| Model 2 | −0.14 −0.41, 0.14) | 0.00 (ref) | −0.09 −0.37, 0.19) | 0.22 −0.06, 0.51) | 0.27 −0.04, 0.57) | 0.020 |
| Model 3 | −0.14 −0.41, 0.14) | 0.00 (ref) | −0.15 −0.43, 0.13) | 0.13 −0.18, 0.40) | 0.07 −0.25, 0.38) | 0.300 |
| Fresh RM | ||||||
| Model 1 | −0.16 −0.44, 0.11) | 0.00 (ref) | −0.05 −0.33, 0.23) | 0.09 −0.21, 0.38) | 0.24 −0.07, 0.55) | 0.060 |
| Model 2 | −0.19 −0.46, 0.09) | 0.00 (ref) | −0.05 −0.33, 0.23) | 0.09 −0.21, 0.38) | 0.26 −0.05, 0.56) | 0.040 |
| Model 3 | −0.19 −0.47, 0.09) | 0.00 (ref) | −0.11 −0.39, 0.18) | −0.02 −0.31, 0.27) | 0.05 −0.26, 0.37) | 0.130 |
| Fatty fresh RM | ||||||
| Model 1 | −0.21 −0.47, 0.05) | 0.00 (ref) | −0.15 −0.45, 0.15) | −0.03 −0.32, 0.26) | 0.23 −0.08, 0.54) | 0.060 |
| Model 2 | −0.21 −0.48, 0.05) | 0.00 (ref) | −0.13 −0.44, 0.17) | −0.01 −0.30, 0.28) | 0.26 −0.05, 0.56) | 0.040 |
| Model 3 | −0.22 −0.48, 0.04) | 0.00 (ref) | −0.19 −0.49, 0.11) | −0.11 −0.40, 0.18) | 0.05 −0.27, 0.37) | 0.500 |
| Lean fresh RM | ||||||
| Model 1 | 0.03 −0.35, 0.40) | 0.00 (ref) | 0.31 −0.17, 0.80) | 0.17 −0.31, 0.66) | −0.09 −0.59, 0.40) | 0.340 |
| Model 2 | −0.00 −0.37, 0.37) | 0.00 (ref) | 0.30 −0.19, 0.79) | 0.13 −0.36, 0.61) | −0.11 −0.60, 0.38) | 0.330 |
| Model 3 | −0.06 −0.43, 0.32) | 0.00 (ref) | 0.28 −0.21, 0.77) | 0.09 −0.40, 0.57) | −0.18 −0.67, 0.32) | 0.190 |
All of the models were constructed using three-level mixed-effects linear regression with maximum likelihood estimation methods.
Q = quartile; ref = reference group.
P-trend was calculated across the quartiles of each type of RM among consumers, and this variable was entered as a continuous term in the regression models.
Model 1 adjusted for age only; model 2 additionally adjusted for individual income, education level, urbanicity index, physical activity, smoking status (men only), alcohol consumption (men only), and disease history; model 3 further adjusted for processed RM consumption (yes/no, except total RM), total energy intake, and intake of other food groups (grains and cereals, soybeans and nuts, cooking oil, and other animal foods except eggs for men and dairy for women).
P < 0.050,
P < 0.010,
P < 0.001.