Table 5.
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Individual characteristics | ||||
Age | 1.03*** | 1.06*** | 1.06*** | 1.32*** |
Sex (male = 1) | 1.32*** | 1.33*** | 1.34*** | 1.75* |
Education (in years) | 1.35*** | 1.27*** | 1.27*** | 1.82*** |
Married | 0.33*** | 0.25*** | 0.25*** | 0.49** |
Land (in rai) | 0.999* | 0.996*** | 0.996*** | 0.973*** |
Village characteristics | ||||
Village remote? | 1.06** | 1.02 | 1.01 | 1.03 |
Migrant follow-up rate | 1.02*** | 1.02*** | 1.03*** | 1.02*** |
Migration context of the community | ||||
Migrant trips in the community | 2.11*** | 27.11*** | 19.90*** | 5.60*** |
Inequality of migrant trips | 0.83*** | 1.29*** | 0.90 | 0.94 |
Thai Economic Context | ||||
Unemployment rate (%) | 0.89*** | 0.93*** | 0.93*** | 0.93*** |
Annual GDP growth (%) | 1.01*** | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Productivity-wage gap in agriculture (%) | 1.02*** | 1.01*** | 1.01*** | 1.01*** |
Wage ratio (Bangkok/Northeast) | 2.38*** | 1.58*** | 1.54*** | 1.21*** |
Employment in manufacturing (%) | 1.38*** | 1.20*** | 1.19*** | 2.07*** |
Interactions b/w Ind char and migration experience | ||||
Age × trips | 0.92*** | 0.92*** | 0.95*** | |
Sex × trips | 0.80*** | 0.89** | 0.94 | |
Educ × trips | 1.00 | 1.02** | 1.08*** | |
Married × trips | 0.91*** | 0.79*** | 0.87 | |
Land × trips | 1.00*** | 1.01*** | 1.01*** | |
Interactions b/w Ind char and inequality of mig experience | ||||
Age × inequality | 1.00 | 0.99 | ||
Sex × inequality | 1.14** | 1.15** | ||
Educ × inequality | 1.03*** | 1.02* | ||
Married × inequality | 0.85** | 0.84** | ||
Land × inequality | 1.01*** | 1.01*** | ||
Interactions b/w Ind char and economic context | ||||
Age × employment in manuf. | 0.98*** | |||
Sex × employment in manuf. | ||||
Educ × employment in manuf. | 0.97*** | |||
Married × employment in manuf. | 0.94** | |||
Land × employment in manuf. | 1.00*** | |||
Wald χ2 | 40,435*** | 41,847*** | 41,846*** | 41,909*** |
N (person-years) | 111,668 | 111,668 | 111,668 | 111,668 |
Year and constant are included in all models. Results are presented in odds ratios. Migration experience and inequality are standardized to mean 0, SD 1
p <0.1,
p <0.05,
p <0.01