Table 3.

Social outcomes and intervention effect-estimates

	Summary statistics Mean of continuous and prevalence of binary outcomes*		Effect-estimates Rate ratio for binary outcomes, mean difference for continuous outcomes
	Control (95% CI)	Intervention (95% CI)	Unadjusted (95% CI)	p Value	Adjusted† (95% CI)	p Value
Social networks; mean score possible range 0–112)‡	76.5 (70.6 to 82.4)	78.2 (70.7 to 85.7)	1.20 (−6.00 to 8.41)	0.7	0.64 (−6.47 to 7.76)	0.9
Social support; mean score (possible range 0–6)§	3.2 (2.6 to 3.9)	3.2 (2.4 to 4.0)	−0.03 (−1.06 to 1.00)	1.0	−0.04 (−1.02 to 0.94)	0.9
Social integration % agree
Some or most people in neighbourhood can be trusted	39.3 (27.9 to 50.6)	31.2 (24.0 to 38.4)	0.85 (0.46 to 1.6)	0.6	0.87 (0.48 to 1.56)	0.6
People from different backgrounds in the neighbourhood get on	5.4 (3.4 to 7.5)	9.2 (6.2 to 12.2)	1.38 (0.81 to 2.33)	0.2	1.30 (0.80 to 2.13)	0.3
Racial harassment is a problem in the neighbourhood	13.7 (7.4 to 20.0)	10.9 (4.6 to 17.1)	0.62 (028 to 1.37)	0.3	0.62 (0.29 to 1.31)	0.3
Collective efficacy % agree
People in the neighbourhood pull together to improve it	13.0 (8.9 to 17.1)	28.7 (18.2 to 39.2)	2.0 (1.10 to 3.60)	0.03	1.92 (1.12 to 3.29)	0.02
People in the neighbourhood help each other and do things together	19.8 (12.5 to 27.2)	15.4 (10.8 to 19.9)	0.71 (0.38 to 1.32)	0.3	0.71 (0.38 to 1.30)	0.3
Taken any action to solve problems in the local area in past 12 months	39.7 (26.8 to 52.6)	26.2 (17.7 to 34.8)	0.69 (0.38 to 1.24)	0.2	0.70 (0.42 to 1.19)	0.2
Volunteering; any in last 12 m %	20.5 (15.8 to 25.2)	18.7 (13.4 to 24.0)	0.94 (0.60 to 1.47)	0.8	0.95 (0.64 to 1.41)	0.8
Antisocial behaviour—resident perceptions—mean score (possible range 0–6)¶	1.7 (1.1 to 2.3)	1.8 (1.3 to 2.2)	0.05 (−0.46 to 0.57)	0.8	0.05 (−0.43 to 0.53)	0.8
Antisocial behaviours/incivilities—environmental audit—mean score, (possible range 0–100)**	8.8 (7.3 to 10.3)	8.2 (6.8 to 9.7)	−0.5 (−1.9 to 0.9)	0.4	−0.6 (−1.9 to 0.8)	0.4
Fear of crime
Feel safe in the neighbourhood (day) %	96.2 (94.4 to 97.9)	95.4 (93.7 to 97.0)	0.99 (0.97 to 1.01)	0.3	0.99 (0.97 to 1.01)	0.3
Feel safe in the neighbourhood at night %	58.1 (48.5 to 67.8)	57.8 (52.1 to 63.5)	1.03 (0.81 to 1.32)	0.8	1.02 (0.82 to 1.26)	0.9

*Overall mean or prevalence pooled over clusters (CI adjusted for clustering).

†Adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, education and employment status except incivilities which are adjusted for baseline values only.

‡Higher score=greater social connectedness.

§Higher score=greater social support.

¶Higher score=higher levels of perceived incivilities (survey respondents).

**Higher score indicates higher levels of recorded incivilities (environmental audit).