Table 2.

Associations between social disadvantages in childhood and functional health problems, and the role of educational attainment and smoking behaviour

	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 4		Model 5‡
	Coefficient	SE	Coefficient	SE	Coefficient	SE	Coefficient	SE	Coefficient	SE
Fixed effects
Intercept	0.337***	0.021	0.338***	0.021	0.272***	0.025	0.274***	0.025	0.258***	0.028
Social disadvantages	0.122*	0.051	0.116*	0.050	0.118*	0.050	0.111*	0.050	0.098*	0.050
Educational attainment (years)			−0.032***	0.005			−0.032***	0.005	−0.031***	0.005
Smoking
Current smoker in 1968					0.111*	0.053	0.116*	0.053	0.119*	0.053
Current smoker in 1981					0.025	0.058	0.017	0.057	0.015	0.058
Linear slope	0.0308***	0.0014	0.0309***	0.0014	0.0255***	0.0016	0.0257***	0.0016	0.0250***	0.0016
Social disadvantages	0.0033†	0.0021	0.0028	0.0020	0.0032†	0.0020	0.0027	0.0020	0.0022	0.0020
Educational attainment (years)			−0.0016***	0.0002			−0.0016***	0.0002	−0.0015***	0.0002
Smoking
Current smoker in 1968					0.0062**	0.0022	0.0065**	0.0022	0.0066**	0.0022
Current smoker in 1981					0.0053*	0.0025	0.0048*	0.0025	0.0047†	0.0025
Quadratic slope	0.00061***	0.00012	0.00061***	0.00012	0.00054***	0.00013	0.00054***	0.00013	0.00056***	0.00013
Social disadvantages	−0.00028†	0.00017	−0.00028†	0.00017	−0.00026	0.00017	−0.00026	0.00017	−0.00025	0.00017
Educational attainment (years)			0.00004*	0.00002			0.00004*	0.00002	0.00004†	0.00002
Smoking
Current smoker in 1968					−0.00007	0.00017	−0.00008	0.00017	−0.00008	0.00017
Current smoker in 1981					0.00029	0.00020	0.00030	0.00020	0.00030	0.00020
Random effects
Variances
Intercept	0.172***		0.166***		0.168***		0.161***		0.161***
Linear slope	0.0007***		0.0007***		0.0007***		0.0006***		0.0006***

Coefficients from multilevel regressions. All models are adjusted for age, sex and death during follow-up (n=1765).

†p≤0.1, *p≤0.05, **p≤0.01, ***p≤0.001.

‡Additionally adjusts for economic childhood disadvantages, coefficients for economic disadvantages can be found in table 3, Model 5.