Table 3.

Associations between economic disadvantages in childhood and functional health problems, and the role of educational attainment and smoking behaviour

	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 4		Model 5‡
	Coefficient	SE	Coefficient	SE	Coefficient	SE	Coefficient	SE	Coefficient	SE
Fixed effects
Intercept	0.330***	0.022	0.338***	0.022	0.263***	0.027	0.272***	0.027	0.258***	0.028
Economic disadvantages	0.112**	0.044	0.082†	0.044	0.111*	0.044	0.080†	0.044	0.064	0.044
Educational attainment (years)			−0.031***	0.005			−0.031***	0.005	−0.031***	0.005
Smoking
Current smoker in 1968					0.121*	0.053	0.125*	0.053	0.119*	0.053
Current smoker in 1981					0.054	0.058	0.009	0.058	0.015	0.058
Linear slope	0.0301***	0.0015	0.0306***	0.0014	0.0248***	0.0016	0.0253***	0.0016	0.0250***	0.0016
Economic disadvantages	0.0047**	0.0018	0.0031†	0.0018	0.0046*	0.0018	0.0031†	0.0018	0.0027	0.0018
Educational attainment (years)			−0.0015***	0.0002			−0.0015***	0.0002	−0.0015***	0.0002
Smoking
Current smoker in 1968					0.0065**	0.0022	0.0067**	0.0022	0.0066**	0.0022
Current smoker in 1981					0.0049*	0.0025	0.0046†	0.0025	0.0047†	0.0025
Quadratic slope	0.00060***	0.00012	0.00059***	0.00012	0.00053***	0.00013	0.00052***	0.00013	0.00056***	0.00013
Economic disadvantages	−0.00017	0.00015	−0.00014	0.00015	−0.00017	0.00015	−0.00013		−0.00009	0.00015
Educational attainment (years)			0.00004†	0.00002			0.00004†	0.00002	0.00004†	0.00002
Smoking
Current smoker in 1968					−0.00009	0.00018	−0.00010	0.00018	−0.00008	0.00017
Current smoker in 1981					0.00031†	0.00020	0.00031†	0.00020	0.00030	0.00020
Random effects
Variances
Intercept	0.172***		0.166***		0.167***		0.161***		0.161***
Linear slope	0.0007***		0.0007***		0.0007***		0.0006***		0.0006***

Coefficients from multilevel regressions. All models are adjusted for age, sex and death during follow-up (n=1765).

†p≤0.1, *p≤0.05, **p≤0.01, ***p≤0.001

‡Additionally adjusts for social childhood disadvantages, coefficients for social disadvantages can be found in table 2, Model 5.