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. 2013 Oct 25;63(8):1313–1324. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-304058

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This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 3.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt and build upon this work, for commercial use, provided the original work is properly cited. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

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Effects of ethanol (EtOH), palmitoleic acid (POA), 4-methylpyrazole (4-MP) and 3-benzyl-6-chloro-2-pyrone (3-BCP) on [Ca²⁺]_C in pancreatic acinar cells. (A) Typical fluorescence images showing changes of [Ca²⁺]_C (Fluo4, green) before (t=120 s) and after (t=800 s) application of combinations of ethanol (10 mmol/L), POA (20 μmol/L), 4-MP (100 μmol/L) and 3-BCP (10 μmol/L). Addition of ethanol/POA/4-MP caused sustained elevation of [Ca²⁺]_c seen at 800 s. (B) Combination of ethanol/POA (wine) induced predominantly oscillatory increases of [Ca²⁺]_C, while additional presence of 4-MP (100 μmol/L) promoted a shift towards sustained increases (red); 4-MP alone was without effect (blue). The addition of 3-BCP abolished sustained rises induced by ethanol/POA/4-MP (cyan). Cumulative data expressed as percentage of cells exhibiting sustained rises (inset) (F/F₀=>1.5) at 800 s (total n=159 cells).