Table 1.

A mapping of Galls 27 faculties (from Whye, 2004) to potentially related neuroimaging results

Faculty	Modern equivalent for neuroimaging	Regions implicated	Reference
Impulse to propagation	Viewing of romantic lover versus other individuals	Basal ganglia	Aron et al. (2005)
Tenderness for the off-spring, or parental love	Mothers viewing own vs. other child	Amygdala, insula, anterior cingulate, superior temporal gyrus	Leibenluft et al. (2004)
friendly attachment or fidelity	Viewing friend vs. stranger	R temporoparietal cortex	Sugiura et al. (2005)
valour, self-defense	Punishment of defectors in economic games	Dorsal striatum	de Quervain et al. (2004)
murder, carnivorousness	Less active in murderers	Prefrontal cortex	Raine et al. (1994)
sense of cunning
larceny, sense of property	Activated in relation to hoarding behavior in OCD	left precentral gyrus and right orbitofrontal cortex	Mataix-Cols et al. (2004)
pride, arrogance, love of authority	related to arrogance scores	Prefrontal cortex	Yang et al. (2005)
ambition and vanity	Activation for judgment about self versus others	Medial PFC	Ochsner et al. (2005)
circumspection	Activation correlated with harm avoidance	Nucleus accumbens	Matthews et al. (2004)
aptness to receive an education, or the memoria realis	activation during reasoning tasks correlated with general intelligence	Parietal cortex	Lee et al. (2006)
sense of locality	Scenes vs. nonscenes	Parahippocampal cortex	Epstein & Kanwisher (1998)
recollection of persons	activated by judgments about face identity vs. occupation	Fusiform gyrus	Turk et al. (2005)
faculty for words, verbal memory	Use of memory strategies	Prefrontal cortex, extrastriate visual cortex	Kirchhoff & Buckner (2006)
faculty of language
disposition for colouring, and the delighting in colours	Greater activity in grapheme-color synesthetes	V4	Hubbard et al. (2005)
sense for sounds, musical talent	activation in MEG and gray matter volume correlated with musical aptitude	Auditory cortex	Schneider et al. (2002)
arithmetic, counting, time	activity correlated with arithmetic skill	Angular gyrus	Menon et al. (2000)
mechanical skill	greater activity for observing actions in skilled vs. unskilled groups	Left premotor, intraparietal, superior temporal	Calvo-Merino et al. (2005)
comparative perspicuity, sagacity
metaphysical perspicuity
wit, causality, sense of inference	more active for viewing causal vs. non-causal events	MT, STS, IPS	Blakemore et al. (2001)
poetic talent	generation of creative vs. uncreative narrative	Right medial frontal	Howard-Jones et al. (2005)
Good-nature, compassion, moral sense	Judging personal versus impersonal moral dilemmas	Medial prefrontal, posterior cingulate, angular gyrus	Greene et al. (2001)