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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jul 28.
Published in final edited form as: Biosystems. 2014 Apr 13;119:53–61. doi: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2014.04.002

Figure 1. Brain Homeostasis and Infection.

Figure 1

In a healthy brain, microglia are the primary immune cell of the brain and few, if any, perivascular macrophages are present. Microglia monitor and communicate with neurons. During HIV infection, HIV-infected monocytes migrate into the brain and differentiate into activated macrophages. Brain microglia become indistinguishable from perivascular macrophages. Neurons and oligodendrocytes become victims of inflammatory chemicals.