Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2014 Jul 28;5:177. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00177

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2014 Dwyer, Aamodt, Cohen and Buttner.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

Targets of anesthetics and ethanol identified in model organisms. The classical view summarizes the main targets that have been implicated in man and mice/rats, or in electrophysiological studies with cells. The enriched view depicts novel targets identified in C. elegans, with the exception of NDUSF4, which was found in mouse studies. NALCN+ associated proteins refers to the Na⁺ leak-current channel (NCA-1 and NCA-2 in C. elegans) and proteins (UNC-79 and UNC-80) that regulate the expression/function of NALCN. CLICs are chloride intracellular channels. CRF stands for corticotropin-releasing factor, and NPY for neuropeptide Y. While direct binding has not been established in all cases, we have highlighted more direct effects with solid arrows and indirect effects with dashed arrows.