Table 1.

Pharmacological treatment irritable bowel syndrome-C studies and clinical efficacy during last 5 years

Category/No. of studies/Ref.	No. of patients	vs Placebo	Abdominal distention/pain	SBMs	Stool consistency	Recommendation vs placebo
Laxatives/2
Awad et al[11] 2010		Yes	NS	NS	SS	Equal
Chapman et al[12] 2013		Yes	NS	SS	SS	Equal
Linaclotide/5
Johnston et al[19] 2010		Yes	SS	SS	SS	Superior
Chey et al[20] 2012		Yes	SS	SS	-	Superior
Rao et al[21] 2012		Yes	SS	SS	-	Superior
Quigley et al[22] 2013		Yes	SS			Superior
Videlock et al[23] 2013		Yes	SS	SS	SS	Superior
5-HT4 agonists
Renzapride/2
Lembo et al[49] 2010		Yes	SS	SS	SS	Superior but AE
Ford et al[82] 2009	726	Yes	NS	NS	NS	Equal
Cisapride/1
Ford et al[82] 2009	726	Yes	NS	NS	NS	Equal
Lubiprostone/4
Johanson et al[57] 2008		Yes	SS (16/32/48 μg)	SS (16/32/48 μg)	SS (16/32/48 μg)	Superior
Fukudo et al[58] 2011		Yes	SS (48 μg)	SS (48 μg)	SS (48 μg)	Superior(48 μg)
Drossman et al[59] 2009		Yes	SS (16 μg)	SS (16 μg)	SS (16 μg)	Superior
Chey et al[60] 2012		No, extention study, comparison to inclusion	SS	SS	SS	Favourable profile of effectiveness, safety, tolerability
CDCA/1
Rao et al[65] 2010		Yes	-	SS	SS	Superior

SBMs: Spontaneous bowel movements; SS: Statistically significant; NS: Not significant; 5-HT: 5-hydrodytryptamine; CDCA: Chenodeoxycholic acid.