Figure 11.3.

Light-associated motor responses of worms expressing (b)opsin in neurons. (A) Vigorously crawling d1 transgenic animals preincubated with 10 μM 9-cis-retinal and expressing (b)opsin in neurons were exposed to blue light (488±20 nm) for 1 s at indicated intensities and their motor responses were recorded and scored. (B) L4 transgenic animals expressing (b)opsin in neurons were preincubated overnight with 9-cis-retinal at indicated concentrations and then transferred onto OP50 bacteria-seeded plates. These vigorously crawling integrated transgenic animals then were exposed to blue light (1000 lux, 488±20 nm) (hv) for 1 s and their motor responses were scored. (C) Day 1 transgenic animals expressing (b)opsin in neurons were pretreated with 10 μM 9-cis-retinal for 20, 40, or 80 min. Their motor responses to blue light (1000 lux, 488±20 nm, 1 s) (hv) are shown. Figure adapted with permission from Cao et al. (2012), The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.