Arterial glucose (A), epinephrine (B), and norepinephrine (C) during a hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp (−45 to 0 min) and during a rapid-onset (−0.16 mmol/L/min) hyperinsulinemic–hypoglycemic clamp (0–110 min). Glucagon (D) at the end of the basal (0 min) and hypoglycemic (110 min) periods, and glucose infusion rate (E) during euglycemia (−45 to 0 min) and deep hypoglycemia (60–110 min). Open circles and bars represent control, and closed circles and bars represent CSMG. All values are expressed as mean ± SEM. CON, control; GINF, glucose infusion rate; HYPO, hypoglycemia.