Table 1.

Maternal characteristics during pregnancy in each maternal group

	CON	HF+IS	HF+IR	Maternal*
n	18	10	25
Years on HF diet		2.4 ± 0.3	3.3 ± 0.3
GTT glucose AUC	7,534 ± 237a	6,078 ± 333b	6,911 ± 320a,b	<0.005
GTT insulin AUC	3,136 ± 261a	3,711 ± 380a	13,967 ± 2,267b	<0.0005
Body weight (kg)	9.4 ± 0.4a	10.3 ± 0.5a	12.3 ± 0.5b	<0.0005
Glucose (mg/dL)	42.7 ± 1.5	38.0 ± 2.6	45.4 ± 2.4	0.12
Insulin (μU/mL)	11.7 ± 1.6a	18.5 ± 3.6a	59.6 ± 10.3b	<0.001
Leptin (ng/mL)†	33.7 ± 8.2	54.1 ± 18.2	54.4 ± 10.1	0.24
Glycerol (mg/mL)	0.10 ± 0.02a	0.18 ± 0.02a	0.20 ± 0.03b	<0.01
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	61.66 ± 4.46a	66.43 ± 6.61a	84.96 ± 6.36b	<0.05

^*Differences between maternal groups are indicated by different superscript letters (P < 0.05).

^†Measurements in a subset of dams.