Table 1.
Important proteins for PCM assembly and function. (Key PCM proteins and their homologues from humans, flies and nematodes are grouped based on their general role in PCM biogenesis and function. Scaffold proteins are believed to be involved in forming the foundation of the PCM. The effector proteins are more peripheral factors involved in MT organization. SMC_prok_B: chromosome segregation protein SMC, common bacterial type. PACT_coil_coil: PCNT-AKAP-450 domain of centrosomal targeting protein.)
| Homo sapiens | D. melanogaster | Caenorhabditis elegans | domains | PCM-related phenotypes | reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| scaffolds | Cep192 | Spd-2 | SPD-2 | coiled coil, polo-box-binding domain | centriole duplication defect, reduced PCM, PLK-1 targeting to centrosomes lost | [13,26–28] |
| Cep152 | Asl (Asterless) | coiled coil, SMC_prok_B (PFAM) | centriole duplication defect, reduced PCM | [29,14] | ||
| CPAP | SAS-4 | SAS-4 | coiled coil, tubulin binding | centriole duplication defect, reduced PCM | [30,31] | |
| PCNT | D-PLP | coiled coil, centrosome-targeting (PFAM) | reduced PCM | [12,32–34] | ||
| CDK5RAP2 | Cnn (centrosomin) | coiled coil, MT association (PFAM) | reduced PCM, centriole-PCM attachment defect | [15,35–37] | ||
| CG-NAP/AKAP450 | coiled coil, calmodulin-binding domain | centriole duplication defect | [38,39] | |||
| SPD-5 | coiled coil, SMC_prok_B (PFAM) | reduced PCM | [16] | |||
| kinases | Plk1 (polo-like kinase 1) | Plk1 | PLK-1 | kinase, polo-box | reduced PCM, loss of phosphorylation of Cdk5Rap2/CNN, PCNT, and SPD-5 | [40–43] |
| AURKA (Aurora A kinase) | Aurora A | AIR-1 | kinase | centrosome separation defect, loss of effector recruitment (γ-tubulin, D-TACC, MSPS) | [44–46] | |
| phosphatases | PPP2ca | PP2A | LET-92 | phosphatase | centriole duplication defect, loss of MT stability via TPX2 and KLP-7, centrosome–nuclei detachment | [47,48] |
| PPP2r1a | PP2A-B | SUR-6 | regulatory subunit of PP2A | centriole duplication defect | [49] | |
| RSA-1 | regulatory subunit of PP2A | loss of MT stability | [47] | |||
| RSA-2 | regulatory subunit of PP2A | loss of MT stability | [47] | |||
| PP4c | PP4 | PPH4.1 | phosphatase | abberant pericentrin foci, loss of effectors and kinases (α- and γ-tubulin, PLK-1, Aurora A) | [50–53] | |
| effectors | γ-tubulin | γ-tubulin | γ-tubulin | tubulin | impaired spindle assembly, impaired MT nucleation | [3,54–57] |
| TACC2 | D-Tacc | TAC-1 | coiled coil (TACC domain) | loss of effectors (ZYG-9/ZYG-8), loss of MT stability | [58–61] | |
| CKAP5(chTOG) | Msps | ZYG-9 | MT binding, TOG domain | loss of MT stability, loss of centrosome integrity | [61–64] |