Table 3. Survival Model Results for the Relation Between Benign Gynecologic Surgery Status and Cancer Mortality, According to the Age by Which Surgeries Were Performed: US BCDDP Follow-up Study With Follow-up From 1979-1986 to 2005 (n=52,846).

Benign gynecological surgery status	All cancers (No. deaths=4,326)	Lung (No. deaths=914)	Breast (No. deaths=734)	CRC (No. deaths=384)	Pancreas (No. deaths=322)	NHL (No. deaths=236)
Age at surgery
≤35 years
None
No. of deaths	4,076	859	697	362	299	222
HRa	ref	ref	ref	ref	ref	ref
TAH
No. of deaths	153	33	25	7	9	10
HRa	1.00	1.00	0.93	0.51	0.76	1.20
95% CI	0.85, 1.18	0.70, 1.42	0.62, 1.38	0.24, 1.08	0.39, 1.49	0.63, 2.28
BSO
No. of deaths	97	22	12	15	14	4
HRa	1.14	1.17	0.88	1.92	2.09	0.84
95% CI	0.93, 1.39	0.77, 1.80	0.49, 1.56	1.13, 3.23	1.21, 3.60	0.31, 2.28
≤40 years
None
No. of deaths	3,779	784	646	338	283	200
HRa	ref	ref	ref	ref	ref	ref
TAH
No. of deaths	374	85	66	27	22	28
HRa	1.04	1.12	1.04	0.83	0.76	1.50
95% CI	0.94, 1.17	0.89, 1.41	0.80, 1.35	0.55, 1.23	0.49, 1.19	1.00, 2.25
BSO
No. of deaths	173	45	22	19	17	8
HRa	0.92	1.14	0.73	1.09	1.09	0.79
95% CI	0.79, 1.08	0.84, 1.55	0.47, 1.12	0.68, 1.74	0.66, 1.80	0.39, 1.62
≤45 years
None
No. of deaths	3,374	694	579	303	247	173
HRa	ref	ref	ref	ref	ref	ref
TAH
# of deaths	595	130	103	49	39	37
HR°	1.00	1.04	0.99	0.89	0.83	1.23
95% CI	0.91, 1.09	0.85, 1.26	0.80, 1.23	0.65, 1.22	0.58, 1.18	0.85, 1.79
BSO
No. of deaths	355	90	52	32	36	26
HRa	0.95	1.16	0.85	0.90	1.17	1.36
95% CI	0.84, 1.06	0.92, 1.47	0.63, 1.14	0.61, 1.32	0.81, 1.70	0.88, 2.11
<50 years
None
No. of deaths	2,957	612	500	268	199	150
HRa	ref	ref	ref	ref	ref	ref
TAH
No. of deaths	742	149	123	62	57	46
HRa	0.96	0.92	0.96	0.84	1.06	1.18
95% CI	0.88, 1.04	0.76, 1.11	0.78, 1.19	0.62, 1.13	0.77, 1.45	0.83, 1.68
BSO
No. of deaths	575	144	98	51	64	38
HRa	0.89	1.08	0.97	0.81	1.40	1.17
95% CI	0.81, 0.98	0.88, 1.32	0.76, 1.22	0.58, 1.12	1.02, 1.93	0.79, 1.73
≤55 years
None
No. of deaths	2,630	557	430	238	175	136
HRa	ref	ref	ref	ref	ref	ref
TAH
No. of deaths	783	155	126	65	61	48
HRa	0.96	0.88	1.01	0.81	1.08	1.13
95% CI	0.88, 1.04	0.73, 1.07	0.81, 1.25	0.60, 1.09	0.79, 1.49	0.79, 1.62
BSO
No. of deaths	723	169	127	64	72	47
HRa	0.88	0.97	1.05	0.78	1.26	1.10
95% CI	0.80, 0.97	0.80, 1.18	0.84, 1.31	0.57, 1.06	0.92, 1.72	0.76, 1.60

BSO, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy; CI, confidence interval; CRC, colorectal cancer; HR, hazard ratio; NHL, non-Hodgkins lymphoma; TAH, total abdominal hysterectomy.

^aLandmark analyses, using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for body mass index, alcohol use, smoking, menopausal hormone therapy use, and birth cohort.