Table 3.
Treatment modalities in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma by Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage at the index visit
| Characteristics | BCLC stage | Total (n = 254) | P-valued | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 (n = 8) | A (n = 76) | B (n = 105) | C (n = 48) | D (n = 17) | |||
| Number of treatment modalities used, median (range) (n = 192) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–11) | 2 (1–9) | 1 (1–5) | 2 (1–4) | 2 (1–11) | |
| All treatment modalities received, n (%)a | |||||||
| Transplant | 2 (25%) | 8 (10.5%) | 1 (1.0%) | 0 | 0 | 11 (4.3%) | 0.0009 |
| Surgical resection | 3 (37.5%) | 23 (32.9%) | 21 (20.0%) | 3 (6.3%) | 1 (5.9%) | 53 (20.9%) | 0.001 |
| RFA | 4 (50.0%) | 30 (39.5%) | 23 (21.9%) | 2 (4.2%) | 1 (5.9%) | 60 (23.6%) | <0.0001 |
| MWA | 0 | 3 (3.9%) | 5 (4.8%) | 0 | 0 | 8 (3.1%) | 0.63 |
| TACE | 2 (25%) | 13 (17.1%) | 23 (21.0%) | 8 (16.7%) | 1 (5.9%) | 47 (18.1%) | 0.55 |
| TAE | 3 (37.5%) | 33 (43.4%) | 51 (48.6%) | 15 (31.3%) | 4 (23.5%) | 106 (41.7%) | 0.16 |
| PEI | 1 (12.5%) | 11 (14.5%) | 23 (21.9%) | 3 (6.3%) | 3 (17.6%) | 41 (16.1%) | 0.15 |
| Chemotherapy | 2 (25.5%) | 11 (14.4%) | 16 (15.3%) | 12 (25.0%) | 0 | 41 (16.1%) | 0.49 |
| Never treated | 0 | 4 (5.3%) | 16 (15.2%) | 20 (41.7%) | 11 (64.7%) | 51 (20.1%) | <0.0001 |
| First treatment modality received, n (%) | |||||||
| Transplant | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | <0.0001 |
| Surgical resection | 3 (37.5%) | 23 (30.3%) | 17 (16.2%) | 2 (4.2%) | 1 (5.9%) | 46 (18.1%) | |
| RFA | 4 (50.0%) | 25 (32.9%) | 13 (12.4%) | 1 (2.1%) | 0 | 43 (16.9%) | |
| Locoregional therapyb | 1 (12.5%) | 23 (30.2%) | 58 (55.2%) | 19 (39.5%) | 5 (29.4%) | 106 (41.7%) | |
| Chemotherapy or none | 0 | 5 (6.6%) | 17 (16.2%) | 26 (54.2%) | 11 (64.7%) | 59 (23.2%) | |
| Most potentially efficacious treatment received, n (%) | |||||||
| Transplant | 2 (25.0%) | 8 (10.5%) | 1 (1.0%) | 0 | 0 | 11 (4.3%) | <0.0001 |
| Surgical resection | 3 (37.5%) | 24 (31.6%) | 21 (20.0%) | 3 (6.3%) | 1 (5.9%) | 52 (20.5%) | |
| RFA | 2 (25.0%) | 20 (26.3%) | 20 (19.0%) | 2 (4.2%) | 1 (5.9%) | 45 (17.7%) | |
| Locoregional therapyb | 1 (12.5%) | 19 (25.0%) | 46 (43.8%) | 17 (35.4%) | 4 (23.5%) | 87 (34.3%) | |
| Chemotherapy or nonec | 0 | 5 (6.6%) | 17 (16.2%) | 26 (54.2%) | 11 (64.7%) | 59 (23.2%) | |
a
The percentages in this section of the table exceed the number/percentages of patients listed at the head of each column as patients may have received multiple treatments.
b
Locoregional therapy includes: PEI, MWA, TA(C)E.
c
Eight patients received chemotherapy.
d
P-values were calculated from Fisher's exact test or chi-squared tests for categorical variables; continuous variables were rank-transformed.
RFA, radiofrequency ablation; LRT, locoregional therapy; MWA, microwave ablation; TAE, transarterial embolization; TACE, transarterial chemoembolization; PEI, percutaneous ethanol injection.