Table A1.
Details of screen of Bemisia afer and B. tabaci cryptic species for Wolbachia. Rates of infections do not differ between sexes in each of the populations analyzed with Fisher's exact test (Populations with fewer than 10 individuals were excluded from the analysis)
| Sample size | Infection rate (%)2 | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Whitefly species | Location | Latitude | Longitude | Collection date | Host plant (family)1 | F | M | UN | Females | Males | Overall |
| 1 | Bemisia afer | Linyi, Shandong, China | 35°47′N | 118°37′E | July 2012 | Broussonetia papyrifera (1) | 24 | 16 | – | 87.50 | 62.50 | 77.50 |
| Bemisia tabaci | ||||||||||||
| 23 | MED | Hefei, Anhui, China | 31°95′N | 117°48′E | October 2009 | Solanum melongena (2) | 21 | 8 | – | 9.52 | 0.00 | 6.90 |
| 3 | MED | Hefei, Anhui, China | 31°95′N | 117°48′E | October 2009 | Solanum lycopersicum (2) | 17 | 13 | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 4 | MEAM1 | Hefei, Anhui, China | 31°92′N | 117°14′E | October 2009 | Salvia splendens (3) | 21 | 7 | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 5 | MED | Nanjing, Jiangsu, China | 32°02′N | 118°54′E | September 2009 | Solanum melongena (2) | 25 | 5 | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 6 | MED | Nanjing, Jiangsu, China | 32°02′N | 118°54′E | September 2009 | Brassica oleracea var. capitata (4) | 15 | 15 | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 7 | MEAM1 | Chongmingdao, Shanghai, China | 31°50′N | 121°80′E | November 2009 | Brassica oleracea var. capitata (4) | 16 | 11 | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 8 | MED | Chongmingdao, Shanghai, China | 31°50′N | 121°80′E | November 2009 | Capsicum annuum (2) | 21 | 10 | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 94 | Asia II 3 | Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China | 30°23′N | 120°18′E | April 2009 | Glycine max (5) | 26 | 21 | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 103,4 | Asia II 1 | Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China | 29°27′N | 119°18′E | October 2010 | Gossypium hirsutum (6) | 29 | 15 | – | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 114 | China 1 | Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China | 30°23′N | 120°18′E | November 2009 | Solanum lycopersicum (2) | 23 | 29 | – | 100.00 | 82.76 | 90.38 |
| 124 | MED | Ningbo, Zhejiang, China | 29°48′N | 121°35′E | June 2009 | Capsicum annuum (2) | 22 | 16 | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 13 | MED | Taizhou, Zhejiang, China | 28°30′N | 121°34′E | October 2012 | Cucurbita moschata (7) | 22 | 11 | – | 31.82 | 9.09 | 24.24 |
| 144 | MEAM1 | Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China | 27°47′N | 120°39′E | September 2008 | Solanum melongena (2) | 20 | 20 | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 15 | MED | Nanchang, Jiangxi, China | 28°72′N | 115°91′E | October 2009 | Cucurbita moschata (7) | 16 | 11 | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 16 | MED | Nanchang, Jiangxi, China | 28°72′N | 115°91′E | October 2009 | Ipomoea batatas (8) | 16 | 14 | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 17 | MED | Nanchang, Jiangxi, China | 28°72′N | 115°91′E | October 2009 | Brassica campestris ssp. Pekinensis (4) | 21 | 8 | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 18 | MED | Nanchang, Jiangxi, China | 28°72′N | 115°91′E | October 2009 | Humulus scandens (9) | 16 | 12 | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 19 | MED | Nanchang, Jiangxi, China | 28°29′N | 116°01′E | October 2009 | Citrullus lanatus (7) | 13 | 16 | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 20 | MED | Nanchang, Jiangxi, China | 28°29′N | 116°01′E | October 2009 | Ipomoea batatas (8) | 20 | 7 | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 21 | MED | Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China | 29°76′N | 115°79′E | October 2009 | Capsicum annuum (2) | 16 | 11 | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 22 | MED | Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China | 29°76′N | 115°79′E | October 2009 | Ipomoea batatas (8) | 24 | 6 | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 23 | MED | Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China | 29°76′N | 115°79′E | October 2009 | Cucumis sativus (7) | 20 | 8 | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 24 | MED | Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China | 29°76′N | 115°79′E | October 2009 | Solanum melongena (2) | 13 | 2 | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 25 | MED | Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China | 29°76′N | 115°79′E | October 2009 | Phaseolus vulgaris (5) | 16 | 11 | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 264 | Asia II 7 | Guangzhou, Guangdong, China | 23°09′N | 113°21′E | October 2007 | Gossypium hirsutum (6) | 30 | 8 | – | 100.00 | 87.50 | 97.37 |
| 274 | Asia I | Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China | 23°56′N | 112°1′E | November 2010 | Ipomoea batatas (8) | 20 | 20 | – | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 283 | Asia II 1 | Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China | 23°56′N | 112°1′E | August 2012 | Arachis hypogaea (5) | 31 | 12 | – | 96.77 | 83.33 | 93.02 |
| 293 | Asia II 1 | Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China | 23°56′N | 112°1′E | August 2012 | Ipomoea batatas (8) | 32 | 3 | – | 96.88 | 100.00 | 97.14 |
| 303 | Asia II 1 | Sanya, Hainan, China | 18°24′N | 109°42′E | August 2009 | Ipomoea batatas (8) | 24 | 5 | – | 100.00 | 80.00 | 96.55 |
| 31 | MEAM1 | Nanning, Guangxi, China | 22°38′N | 108°23′E | August 2009 | Vigna unguiculata (5) | 17 | 13 | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 32 | MEAM1 | Nanning, Guangxi, China | 22°38′N | 108°23′E | August 2009 | Gossypium hirsutum (6) | 22 | 0 | – | 0.00 | – | 0.00 |
| 33 | MEAM1 | Nanning, Guangxi, China | 22°38′N | 108°23′E | August 2009 | Cucumis sativus (7) | 17 | 13 | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 34 | MED | Beihai, Guangxi, China | 21°29′N | 109°09′E | August 2009 | Ipomoea batatas (8) | 10 | 12 | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 35 | Asia II 6 | Baise, Guangxi, China | 22°94′N | 108°54′E | August 2009 | Luffa cylindrica (7) | 15 | 3 | – | 53.33 | 0.00 | 44.44 |
| 36 | MEAM1 | Baise, Guangxi, China | 23°52′N | 106°37′E | August 2009 | Vigna unguiculata (5) | 4 | 9 | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 37 | MEAM1 | Baise, Guangxi, China | 23°45′N | 106°47′E | August 2009 | Benincasa hispida (7) | 15 | 12 | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 384 | Asia II 6 | Baise, Guangxi, China | 22°94′N | 108°54′E | November 2011 | Ipomoea batatas (8) | 36 | 6 | – | 13.89 | 16.67 | 14.29 |
| 394 | Asia I | Honghe, Yunnan, China | 24°38′N | 103°46′E | November 2011 | Ipomoea batatas (8) | 46 | 37 | – | 97.83 | 100.00 | 98.80 |
| 40 | MED | Guiyang, Guizhou, China | 26°40′N | 106°67′E | July 2009 | Glechoma longituba (3) | 9 | 21 | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 41 | China 1 | Zunyi, Guizhou, China | 27°39′N | 107°70′E | July 2009 | Solanum melongena (2) | 24 | 6 | – | 75.00 | 83.33 | 76.67 |
| 42 | China 1 | Zunyi, Guizhou, China | 27°39′N | 107°70′E | July 2009 | Ipomoea batatas (8) | 23 | 7 | – | 100.00 | 85.71 | 96.67 |
| 434 | Asia II 9 | Shaoyang, Hunan, China | 26°59′N | 111°16′E | October 2011 | Ipomoea batatas (8) | 19 | 16 | – | 89.47 | 87.50 | 88.57 |
| 44 | MED | Jishou, Hunan, China | 28°18′N | 109°38′E | September 2009 | Raphanus sativus (4) | 7 | 8 | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 45 | MED | Luoyang, Henan, China | 34°46′N | 112°46′E | September 2009 | Ipomoea batatas (8) | 16 | 5 | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 46 | MEAM1 | Luoyang, Henan, China | 34°66′N | 112°51′E | September 2009 | Gossypium hirsutum (6) | 15 | 15 | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 47 | MEAM1 | Luoyang, Henan, China | 34°59′N | 112°58′E | September 2009 | Solanum melongena (2) | 20 | 8 | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 48 | MEAM1 | Luoyang, Henan, China | 34°59′N | 112°58′E | September 2009 | Cucumis sativus (7) | 26 | 4 | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 49-1 | Asia II 3 | Zhengzhou, Henan, China | 34°78′N | 113°66′E | September 2009 | Solanum melongena (2) | 0 | 1 | – | – | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 49-2 | MED | Zhengzhou, Henan, China | 34°78′N | 113°66′E | September 2009 | Solanum melongena (2) | 18 | 9 | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 50 | MEAM1 | Zhengzhou, Henan, China | 34°78′N | 113°66′E | September 2009 | Cucumis sativus (7) | 27 | 2 | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 51 | MED | Xinxiang, Henan, China | 35°47′N | 113°75′E | September 2009 | Phaseolus vulgaris (5) | 12 | 4 | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 52 | MED | Xinxiang, Henan, China | 35°47′N | 113°75′E | September 2009 | Raphanus sativus (4) | 26 | 3 | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 53 | MED | Xinxiang, Henan, China | 35°47′N | 113°75′E | September 2009 | Brassica campestris ssp. Pekinensis (4) | 20 | 8 | – | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 54 | Australia | Bundaberg, Queensland, Australia | 24°48′S | 152°27′E | – | Euphorbia cyathophora (10) | – | – | 11 | – | – | 100.00 |
F, female adult; M, male adult; UN, unknown sex; –, not ascertained.
1
In all 22 species of host plants from 10 families, figures in parentheses indicate the names of the families: (1), Moraceae; (2), Solanaceae, (3), Lamiaceae, (4), Cruciferae, (5), Fabaceae, (6), Malvaceae, (7), Cucurbitaceae, (8), Convolvulaceae, (9), Cannabaceae, (10), Euphorbiaceae.
2
Infection rates of Wolbachia detected by diagnostic PCR of rrs gene.
3
Populations for the detection of Wolbachia supergroup O (Table 3).
4
Populations maintained in the laboratory on cotton since collection.