Table II.

Serum expression levels of TNF-α in each group.

Parameter	6 h	12 h	24 h
Group C (pg/ml)	29.45±5.25	33.13±3.88	34.08±4.12
Group S (pg/ml)	259.12±19.81a	186.21±13.75a,c	115.89±17.91a,c,d
Group P (pg/ml)	156.85±14.11a,b	112.43±14.33a,b,c	81.45±10.58a,b,c,d
F-value	324.96	214.53	56.21

Results are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (n=5).

^aP<0.05,vs. group C;

^bP<0.05, vs. group S;

^cP<0.05, vs. intra-group 6h;

^dP<0.05, vs. intra-group 12h.

TNF, tumor necrosis factor; C, control; S, sepsis; P, pretreatment. n is the number of mice used in each group.