Figure 5.

Fistular onion stalk extract inhibits local inflammatory signaling pathways. The control group maintained a low expression and the model group had a significantly upregulated expression of p-p65, p-stat3 and p-p38. However, the p-p65, p-stat3 and p-p38 expression in the treatment group was downregulated and maintained at a lower level than that in the model group. Total expression levels of p65, stat3 and p38 were similar among the different groups. GAPDH expression was set as an internal control. p-, phosphorylated-; stat3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3.