. 2014 Jul 10;6(7):2008–2023. doi: 10.3390/toxins6072008

Table 3.

The effect of different doses of bamboo charcoal in comparison with smectite clay on in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) and gas production (GP) of a hay-rich feed in the presence of 1.0 µg/mL aflatoxin B1 (Experiment 2).

Items	NC ^*	Smectite clay				SEM ^‡	p-value	Bamboo charcoal				SEM ^‡	p-value	Contrast ^§
Items	NC ^*	Control ^†	0.1 g/L	1 g/L	10 g/L	SEM ^‡	p-value	Control ^†	0.1 g/L	1 g/L	10 g/L	SEM ^‡	p-value	Contrast ^§
IVDMD (g/kg DM)	604	550 ^b	586 ^a,b	593 ^a	599 ^a	11.9	0.048	550 ^b	576 ^a,b	589 ^a	594 ^a	7.8	<0.0001	0.184
GP at 72 h (mL/g DM)	208.4	147.0 ^b	151.0 ^b	169.1 ^a,b	183.2 ^a	6.86	0.021	147.0 ^b	148.0 ^b	179.3 ^a	193.2 ^a	6.20	0.0014	0.366
Fermentation kinetics ^#
GP_max (mL/g DM)	209.1	186.7 ^c	193.8 ^c	240.4 ^b	282.9 ^a	6.60	<0.0001	186.7 ^c	182.5 ^c	270.2 ^b	315.9 ^a	10.77	<0.0001	<0.0001
c (/h)	0.085	0.021 ^a	0.020 ^a	0.020 ^a	0.012 ^b	0.0010	0.0006	0.021 ^a	0.020 ^a	0.015 ^b	0.007 ^c	0.0009	<0.0001	0.001
Lag time (h)	0.008	0.021	0.020	0.018	0.010	0.0007	0.0001	0.021	0.020	0.015	0.007	0.0010	<0.0001	0.458
AGPR (mL/h)	3.92	2.67	2.82	2.84	2.85	0.197	0.640	2.67	2.88	2.95	2.73	0.153	0.641	0.711

Notes: ^a,b,cMeans in a row without a common superscript letter differ within a subclass as the noted p-value; NC ^* negative control fermentation of the hay-rich substrate without the inclusion of binder and aflatoxin B1; ^† fermentation of the hay-rich substrate without binder inclusion; ^‡ standard error of least squares means; ^§ statistical p-value estimated for the comparison between smectite clay and bamboo charcoal; ^# the nonlinear equation [17], GP (mL/g DM) = GP_max × [1 − e^{−c × (time − Lag)}], was used to analyze the gas production kinetic data. GP_max, asymptotic gas production; c, gas production rate; Lag, lag phase before gas production commenced; AGPR, average gas production rate when half of the asymptotic gas volume was produced.