Table 1.
Main structures induced by different (+) strand RNA viruses.
| Morphotype | Virus Group and Representative Member | Name of Membrane Alteration | Size/Diameter | Membrane Source | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Single-membrane vesicles | Nodaviruses | FHV | Spherules | ~50 nm | Mitochondria |
| Bromoviruses | BMV | ~60 nm | ER (adjacent to the nucleus) | ||
| Togaviruses | RUBV | Cytoplasmic vacuoles (CPVs) | 600–2000 nm | Lysosomes | |
| SFV | CPVs with spherules | CPVs: 600–2000 nm Spherules: 50 nm | |||
| Flaviviruses | DENV | Invaginated vesicles | 80–120 nm | ER | |
| WNVKUN | 50–100 nm | ||||
| TBEV | 60–100 nm | ||||
| MVEV, SLEV and JEV | 75–145 nm | ||||
| YFV | unknown | ||||
| Double-membrane vesicles | Hepaciviruses | HCV | ~150 nm | ER | |
| Coronaviruses | SARS-CoV | 200–300 nm | |||
| MHV | 200–350 nm | ||||
| MERS-CoV | 150–320 nm | ||||
| IBV | ~200 nm | ||||
| Arteriviruses | EAV | ~95 nm | |||
| Picornaviruses | Poliovirus | 100–300 nm | Golgi | ||
| CV3B | ~160 nm | ||||
| FMDV | ~100 nm | unknown (probably ER) | |||
| Calicivirus | MNV-1 | ~200 nm | ER/Golgi | ||
| Closterovirus | BYV | ~100 nm | ER/Mitochondria | ||
Abbreviations: FHV, Flock House Virus; BMV, Brome Mosaic Virus; RUBV, Rubella Virus; SFV, Semliki Forest Virus; DENV, Dengue Virus; WNVKUN, West Nile Virus (Kunjin strain); TBEV, Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus; MVEV, Murray Valley Encephalitis Virus; SLEV, St. Louis Encephalitis Virus; JEV, Japanese Encephalitis Virus; YFV, Yellow Fever Virus; HCV, Hepatitis C Virus; SARS-CoV, Severe Acute Respiratory Virus-Coronavirus; MHV, Mouse Hepatitis Virus; MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus); IBV, Infectious Bronchitis Virus; EAV, Equine Arterivirus; CVB3, Coxsackie B3 Virus; FMDV, Foot and Mouth Disease Virus; MNV-1, Murine Norovirus-1; BYV, Beet Yellows Virus.