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. 2014 Jul 15;12(7):4214–4230. doi: 10.3390/md12074214

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Effects of fucoxanthin treatment on the mRNA and protein expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) and glutathione synthetase (GSS) in HaCaT cells. Cells were incubated with various concentrations of fucoxanthin (0–20 μM) for various amounts of time (0–24 h). The mRNA levels of GCLC and GSS were detected by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) following treatment (A) with variousconcentrations of fucoxanthin for 12 h; and (B) with 20 μM fucoxanthin for various amounts of time. The protein levels of GCLC and GSS were detected by Western blotting following treatment (C) with various concentrations of fucoxanthin for 12 h; and (D) with 20 μM fucoxanthin for various amounts of time. * and # indicates significantly different from control of GCLC and GSS, respectively (p < 0.05).