WT MEF were rinsed with fresh media then left untreated or treated with TNFα (10 ng/ml), HSL-C12 (50 μM) or TNFα+HSL-C12 for 4 hrs. Samples were taken from cell media at t = 4 hrs, and KC contents were assayed by ELISA. At the end of the experiment, RNA was isolated, and cDNA was formed for qPCR assay. (A) Quantitative PCR data for KC mRNA are given as RQ score normalized to RPS17 cDNA. Averages displayed with min and max. TNFα and HSL-C12 each increased production of KC mRNA, and treatment with TNFα+HSL-C12 caused an even larger increase than during treatment with either agonist alone. * comparison to control. (B) KC secretion (in ng/ml) for the same treatments. TNFα increased KC secretion, but HSL-C12 decreased KC secretion. Averages +/− Std. Error. N=3 biological replicates for all conditions. * comparison to control; # comparison to TNFα.