Table 5.
Predictors of receiving an antibiotic in hospitals and health centres (final model)
| POTENTIAL PREDICTORS | n | % (95% CI) |
Unadjusted |
Adjusted |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | |||
|
1. HOSPITALS | ||||||
|
HEALTH WORKER: Cadre (history taking) | ||||||
| Nurse |
227 |
30.6 (7.9, 69.4) |
1.0 |
<0.0001 |
1.0 |
<0.0001 |
| Doctor |
1 |
4.3 (0.6, 27.1) |
0.10 (0.02, 0.62) |
|
0.22 (0.05, 1.0) |
|
| Medical assistant |
62 |
17.6 (6.4, 40.0) |
0.48 (0.12, 1.91) |
|
0.64 (0.33, 1.26) |
|
| Nurse assistant |
1 |
25.0 (2.6, 80.8) |
0.76 (0.07, 8.77) |
|
0.56 (0.07, 4.46) |
|
|
HEALTH WORKER: Cadre (consultation) | ||||||
| Medical assistant |
117 |
22.4 (10.7, 41.0) |
1.0 |
0.0001 |
1.0 |
0.0001 |
| Doctor |
45 |
13.4 (5.9, 27.6) |
0.54 (0.20, 1.41) |
|
0.57 (0.24, 1.38) |
|
| Nurse |
52 |
35.9 (16.0, 62.1) |
1.94 (3.87, 13.08) |
|
2.02 (1.55, 2.64) |
|
| Health assistant |
74 |
67.3 (33.8, 89.2) |
7.12 (3.87, 13.08) |
|
5.94 (3.10, 11.40) |
|
| Other |
1 |
100.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
PRESENTING SYMPTOMS: Diarrhoea | ||||||
| No |
157 |
19.2 (4.1, 56.9) |
1.0 |
0.001 |
1.0 |
<0.0001 |
| Yes |
134 |
44.2 (22.0, 69.0) |
3.34 (1.76, 6.39) |
|
4.99 (3.72, 6.68) |
|
|
PRESENTING SYMPTOMS: Abdominal pain | ||||||
| No |
219 |
24.1 (8.0, 53.7) |
1.0 |
0.07 |
1.0 |
0.006 |
| Yes |
72 |
33.8 (9.3, 71.7) |
1.61 (0.97, 2.68) |
|
2.31 (1.33, 4.00) |
|
|
PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS: Dehydration | ||||||
| No |
290 |
26.2 (8.6, 57.4) |
1.0 |
0.03 |
1.0 |
0.002 |
| Yes |
1 |
6.7 (0.3, 64.0) |
0.20 (0.05, 0.82) |
|
0.09 (0.02, 0.34) |
|
|
PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS: weighed | ||||||
| No |
32 |
76.2 (60.4, 87.0) |
1.0 |
|
1.0 |
<0.0001 |
| Yes |
259 |
24.0 (9.1, 50.0) |
0.10 (0.06, 0.17) |
<0.0001 |
0.14 (0.07, 0.29) |
|
|
BLOOD TESTS: Malaria test positive | ||||||
| No |
286 |
27.5 (8.9, 59.7) |
1.0 |
0.007 |
1.0 |
0.002 |
| Yes |
5 |
6.0 (2.9, 12.2) |
0.17 (0.05, 0.56) |
|
0.19 (0.08, 0.47) |
|
|
TREATMENT SEEKING: Sought treatment or drugs elsewhere first | ||||||
| No |
156 |
24.1 (7.5, 55.5) |
1.0 |
0.04 |
1.0 |
0.02 |
| Yes |
135 |
28.5 (9.6, 59.9) |
1.26 (1.01, 1.56) |
|
1.38 (1.06, 1.79) |
|
|
2. HEALTH CENTRES | ||||||
|
CHILD: Have health insurance | ||||||
| No |
44 |
27.9 (20.6, 36.4) |
1.0 |
0.07 |
1.0 |
0.02 |
| Yes |
270 |
38.4 (25.7, 53.0) |
1.62 (0.96, 2.73) |
|
1.90 (1.11, 3.23) |
|
|
HEALTH WORKER: Cadre (consultation) | ||||||
| Medical assistant |
142 |
34.9 (20.6, 52.6) |
1.0 |
0.0001 |
1.0 |
<0.0001 |
| Doctor |
1 |
10.0 (10.0, 10.0) |
0.21 (0.11, 0.41) |
|
0.10 (0.05, 0.22) |
|
| Nurse |
65 |
39.6 (20.1, 63.2) |
1.23 (0.59, 2.56) |
|
1.05 (0.53, 2.09) |
|
| Health assistant |
60 |
37.0 (25.1, 50.9) |
1.10 (0.58, 2.06) |
|
1.05 (0.60, 1.85) |
|
| Other |
46 |
39.0 (25.9, 53.9) |
1.19 (0.51, 2.78) |
|
1.40 (0.63, 3.12) |
|
|
PRESENTING SYMPTOMS: cough | ||||||
| No |
200 |
32.4 (20.8, 46.6) |
1.0 |
0.03 |
1.0 |
0.01 |
| Yes |
114 |
46.9 (32.4, 62.0) |
1.85 (1.07, 3.20) |
|
2.24 (1.25, 4.00) |
|
|
PRESENTING SYMPTOMS: diarrhoea | ||||||
| No |
163 |
27.5 (17.6, 40.3) |
1.0 |
<0.0001 |
1.0 |
<0.0001 |
| Yes |
151 |
56.3 (38.0, 73.1) |
3.40 (2.28, 5.09) |
|
4.17 (2.62, 6.64) |
|
|
PRESENTING SYMPTOMS: abdominal pain | ||||||
| No |
248 |
34.7 (24.2, 47.0) |
1.0 |
0.03 |
1.0 |
0.003 |
| Yes |
66 |
44.9 (27.6, 63.5) |
1.53 (1.06, 2.22) |
|
1.82 (1.26, 2.61) |
|
|
BLOOD TESTS: Malaria test positive | ||||||
| No |
310 |
37.9 (26.7, 50.7) |
1.0 |
0.0003 |
1.0 |
0.0002 |
| Yes |
4 |
9.1 (4.3, 18.3) |
0.16 (0.07, 0.34) |
|
0.16 (0.07, 0.34) |
|
|
TREATMENTS: Given any monotherapy | ||||||
| No |
256 |
33.7 (21.7, 48.3) |
1.0 |
0.04 |
1.0 |
0.02 |
| Yes | 58 | 57.4 (37.1, 75.5) | 2.56 (1.14, 5.73) | 2.57 (1.15, 5.74) | ||