Table 1.
Bivariate comparisons of the characteristics between the participants with lower and higher CPI
| |
Lower CPI |
Higher CPI |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % * (95% CI) | n | % * (95% CI) | |
| Gender (n = 5291) |
|
|
|
|
| Male |
1444 |
63.2 (60.5-65.8) |
965 |
36.8 (34.2-39.5) |
| Female |
2176 |
77.6 (75.3-79.7) |
706 |
22.4 (20.3-24.7) |
| Highest diploma (n = 5283) |
|
|
|
|
| Primary school |
666 |
52.0 (47.4-56.5) |
497 |
48.0 (43.5-52.6) |
| Middle school |
362 |
58.9 (53.8-63.9) |
260 |
41.1 (36.1-46.2) |
| High school |
1452 |
73.5 (70.7-76.2) |
559 |
26.5 (23.8-29.3) |
| ≥ University or college |
1134 |
76.4 (73.7-78.9) |
353 |
23.8 (21.1-26.3) |
| Household income† (n = 5247) |
|
|
|
|
| < 25% |
581 |
63.1 (58.5-67.4) |
366 |
36.9 (32.6-41.5) |
| 25 - 50% |
786 |
66.6 (63.4-69.7) |
424 |
33.4 (30.3-36.6) |
| 50 - 75% |
1036 |
69.0 (65.6-72.2) |
467 |
31.0 (27.8-34.4) |
| > 75% |
1182 |
75.1 (72.4-77.6) |
405 |
24.9 (22.4-27.6) |
| Diabetes (n = 5291) |
|
|
|
|
| No |
3450 |
71.2 (69.1-73.2) |
1483 |
28.8 (26.8-30.9) |
| Yes |
170 |
45.6 (39.4-52.0) |
188 |
54.4 (48.0-60.6) |
| Obesity‡ (n = 5251) |
|
|
||
| Underweight |
179 |
77.8 (71.4-83.1) |
55 |
22.2 (16.9-28.6) |
| Normal |
2337 |
71.6 (69.3-73.8) |
1024 |
28.4 (26.2-30.7) |
| Obesity |
1068 |
64.5 (61.4-67.4) |
588 |
35.5 (32.6-38.6) |
| Oral health behaviors |
|
|
|
|
| Daily frequency of toothbrushing (n = 5291) |
|
|
|
|
| Once or less |
401 |
63.2 (58.7-67.6) |
249 |
36.8 (32.4-41.3) |
| Twice |
1381 |
66.8 (63.7-69.7) |
738 |
33.2 (30.3.-36.3) |
| Three times or more |
1838 |
73.7 (71.3-76.1) |
684 |
26.3 (23.9-28.7) |
| Use of floss or interdental brush (n = 5291) |
|
|
|
|
| No |
2653 |
68.8 (66.4-71.2) |
1316 |
31.2 (28.8-33.6) |
| Yes |
967 |
72.7 (69.5-75.7) |
355 |
27.3 (24.3-30.5) |
| General health behaviors |
|
|
|
|
| Harmful alcohol use§ (n = 5291) | ||||
| No |
2519 |
72.4 (70.0-74.6) |
1048 |
27.6 (25.4-30.0) |
| Yes |
1101 |
65.7 (62.8-68.5) |
623 |
34.3 (31.5-37.2) |
| Present smoking status (n = 5282) | ||||
| Past smoker |
662 |
62.0 (58.5-65.5) |
450 |
38.0 (34.5-41.5) |
| Current smoker |
776 |
61.8 (58.1-65.4) |
515 |
38.2 (34.6-41.9) |
| Non-smoker | 2213 | 78.0 (75.7-80.0) | 719 | 22.0 (20.0-24.3) |
*Weighted percent and 95% confidence interval.
†Household income: monthly average family equivalent income.
(=monthly average household income/√(the number of household members)).
‡Underweight (<18.5 kg/m2); Normal (18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2); obese (≥25 kg/m2).
§AUDIT score ≥ 8.