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. 2014 Jul 29;5:781. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00781

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Copyright © 2014 Dienes.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Representing the alternative hypothesis. (A) A uniform distribution with all population parameter values from the lower to the upper limit equally plausible. Here the lower limit is 0, a typical but not required value. (B) A normal distribution, with population parameter values close to the mean being more plausible than others. The SD also needs to be specified; a default of mean/2 is often useful. (C) A half-normal distribution. Values close to 0 are most plausible; a useful default for the SD is a typical estimated effect size. Population values less than 0 are ruled out.