Table 3.
General characteristics according to personality traits.
| Personality traits | Openness |
Conscientiousness |
Extraversion |
Agreeableness |
Neuroticism |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M (SD) or τ | p | M (SD) or τ | p | M (SD) or τ | p | M (SD) or τ | p | M (SD) or τ | p | |
| Age | −0.03 | 0.73 | 0.01 | 0.89 | −0.05 | 0.52 | 0.13 | 0.09 | −0.01 | 0.88 |
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Men | 3.66 (0.79) | 0.30 | 3.66 (0.66) | 0.28 | 3.05 (0.86) | 0.53 | 3.96 (0.53) | <0.05* | 2.61 (0.78) | 0.07 |
| Women | 3.49 (0.67) | 3.50 (0.64) | 3.17 (0.77) | 4.23 (0.62) | 2.92 (0.73) | |||||
| Educational level | ||||||||||
| Primary | 2.94 (0.82) | <0.05* | 3.32 (0.92) | 0.23 | 2.81 (0.91) | 0.22 | 3.76 (0.77) | <0.05* | 2.76 (0.84) | 0.46 |
| Secondary | 3.60 (0.64) | 3.44 (0.63) | 3.01 (0.78) | 4.34 (0.45) | 2.99 (0.70) | |||||
| High-school diploma and above | 3.63 (0.68) | 3.64 (0.58) | 3.24 (0.78) | 4.13 (0.61) | 2.77 (0.76) | |||||
| MMSE | 0.10 | 0.22 | 0.11 | 0.15 | 0.10 | 0.18 | −0.01 | 0.88 | −0.06 | 0.41 |
| Migraine | 3.32 (0.98) | 0.19 | 3.27 (0.73) | 0.13 | 3.04 (0.71) | 0.64 | 3.70 (0.75) | <0.01† | 3.00 (0.90) | 0.16 |
| No migraine | 3.60 (0.64) | 3.57 (0.63) | 3.16 (0.85) | 4.20 (0.53) | 2.68 (0.71) | |||||
| Ever smoker | 3.64 (0.65) | 0.39 | 3.44 (0.57) | 0.22 | 3.06 (0.83) | 0.57 | 3.97 (0.56) | <0.05* | 2.91 (0.69) | 0.45 |
| Never smoker | 3.50 (0.74) | 3.61 (0.68) | 3.16 (0.78) | 4.24 (0.61) | 2.78 (0.79) | |||||
| Alcohol consumption | 3.41 (0.61) | 0.51 | 3.27 (0.48) | 0.15 | 2.46 (0.72) | <0.01† | 4.18 (0.49) | 0.86 | 3.27 (0.75) | <0.05* |
| No alcohol consumption | 3.56 (0.72) | 3.59 (0.66) | 3.21 (0.77) | 4.14 (0.62) | 2.77 (0.74) | |||||
| Hypertension | 3.32 (0.80) | <0.01† | 3.46 (0.72) | 0.19 | 2.86 (0.82) | <0.01† | 4.20 (0.64) | 0.42 | 2.96 (0.72) | 0.11 |
| No hypertension | 3.76 (0.53) | 3.64 (0.55 | 3.38 (0.69) | 4.10 (0.57) | 2.70 (0.77) | |||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 3.23 (1.01) | 0.19 | 3.78 (0.68) | 0.30 | 2.64 (0.75) | 0.07 | 4.08 (0.62) | 0.75 | 3.00 (0.97) | 0.49 |
| No diabetes mellitus | 3.58 (0.68) | 3.53 (0.64) | 3.18 (0.79) | 4.15 (0.61) | 2.81 (0.73) | |||||
| Hypercholesterol | 3.44 (0.90) | 0.34 | 3.53 (0.75) | 0.86 | 3.10 (0.77) | 0.80 | 4.08 (0.67) | 0.47 | 3.04 (0.72) | 0.06 |
| No hypercholesterol | 3.59 (0.61) | 3.56 (0.60) | 3.14 (0.81) | 4.18 (0.57) | 2.73 (0.75) | |||||
| Coronary heart disease | 3.50 (0.81) | 0.85 | 3.39 (0.63) | 0.38 | 2.78 (0.90) | 0.12 | 4.23 (0.55) | 0.64 | 3.10 (0.55) | 0.20 |
| No coronary heart disease | 3.55 (0.70) | 3.57 (0.65) | 3.18 (0.77) | 4.14 (0.61) | 2.79 (0.77) | |||||
| Chronic heart failure | 3.46 (0.55) | 0.82 | 3.38 (0.67 | 0.58 | 2.76 (1.22) | 0.35 | 4.47 (0.48 | 0.27 | 2.99 (0.52) | 0.66 |
| No chronic heart failure | 3.55 (0.72) | 3.56 (0.65) | 3.15 (0.78) | 4.13 (0.61) | 2.82 (0.76) | |||||
| Atrial fibrillation | 3.24 (1.31) | 0.33 | 3.45 (1.16) | 0.71 | 2.73 (0.99) | 0.25 | 4.30 (1.18) | 0.56 | 2.75 (0.81) | 0.82 |
| No atrial fibrillation | 3.56 (0.67) | 3.56 (0.61) | 3.15 (0.78) | 4.14 (0.56) | 2.83 (0.75) | |||||
M(SD), Mean (Standard Deviation) comparison with ANOVA; τ, Kendall rank correlation coefficient; *p < 0.05; †p < 0.01.