Table 1.
Serine Proteases Possibly Involved in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)
| Serine proteases | Functions | Potential Role in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Trypsin | Protein digestion | Present in senile plaques | [91] |
| Factor IIa (thrombin) | Coagulation protease | Inducing APP secretion, cleaving APP into amyloidogenic fragments, increased in senile plaques |
[92] |
| Factor Xa | Coagulation protease | Cleaving APP into amyloidogenic fragments | [93] |
| Factor XIa | Coagulation protease | Cleaving APP and modulating APP-mediated cell adhesion | [94] |
| Factor XIIa | Coagulation protease | Present in senile plaques | [95] |
| Kallikrein 8 | Coagulation protease | High mRNA levels in the hippocampus | [96] |
| Plasmin | Fibrinolysis protease | Cleaving APP, reduced in AD brains | [97] |
| uPA | Fibrinolysis protease | Present in senile plaques | [98] |
| tPA | Fibrinolysis protease | Present in senile plaques | [98] |
| C1q, C3, C4, C5 C6, C7, C8, C9 | Complement proteins | Highly co-localized with amyloid deposits and neurofibrillary tangles | [99] |
APP, amyloid precursor protein.