Figure 2. GTPases of the Rho family and their implication in early phases of NC development. Rho members are shown on the left and their relatedness is summarized by a simplified dendrogram derived from Boureux, 2007.¹⁰⁵ Rho members regulated at the transcriptional level are in blue. They are constitutively active, either because they are deficient for GTPase activity (Rnd1–3, RhoH, RhoBTB1–2) or because they exchange their nucleotide spontaneously (RhoJ, RhoQ, RhoU, RhoV). RhoB represents a particular case, being induced at the transcriptional level yet controlled biochemically by regulators also acting on other members. The implication of Rho members in early phases of NC development (induction, EMT and migration) is indicated with the corresponding reference numbers.