Inflammatory cytokines and VEGF-C expression in murine peritoneal macrophages co-cultivated with syngeneic B16 melanoma cells. (A) VEGF-C mRNA expressed by C57Bl/6 thioglycollate-elicited macrophages and B16 cells collected from standard cultures or co-cultures. (B) mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, TGF-β and their receptors in murine macrophages grown with tumor cells, as well as the relative densitometric analyses. (C) VEGF-C mRNA expressed by murine thioglycollate-elicited macrophages stimulated in vitro by several pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. (D) VEGF-C mRNA expression in macrophages grown in media conditioned by macrophage-tumor cell co-cultures in the absence or presence of anti-IL-1βR1 and -TNF-αR1 antibodies. Densitometric analyses were performed using Image J software and standardized to β2-microglobulin mRNA expression. *P<0.05 vs. control. VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; IL, interleukin; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; TGF, transforming growth factor; β2-m, β2-microglobulin; R, receptor; SEM, standard error of the mean.