Table 3.
Characteristics of participants with or without hypertension.
| Variable | No hypertension (n=407) | Hypertension (n=521) | P value * | P value** |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female (%) | 64.1 | 55.1 | 0.005 | |
| Age (years) | 41.0 (34.9–48.0) | 52.2 (45.0–60.0) | <0.001 | |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 26.1 (23.4–28.9) | 28.5 (25.7–31.3) | <0.001 | |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 94.0 (84.0–104.0) | 101.0 (92.0–108.0) | <0.001 | 0.528 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 97.0 (89.0–103.0) | 101.0 (92.0–108.0) | <0.001 | 0.696 |
| 25(OH)D (ng/mL) | 16.4 (12.4–19.9) | 15.8 (11.2–21.0) | 0.586 | 0.959 |
| 25(OH)D deficiency (%) | 75.2 | 70.2 | 0.009 | |
| 25(OH)D insufficiency (%) | 22.4 | 24.0 | 0.009 | |
| 25(OH)D sufficiency (%) | 2.5 | 6.7 | 0.009 | |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 86.4 (79.2–93.6) | 90.0 (84.6–99) | <0.001 | 0.035 |
| Total cholesterol (mgl/dL) | 189.2 (166.0–212.4) | 208.5 (181.5–231.7) | <0.001 | 0.007 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 45.9 (38.6–57.9) | 46.3 (38.6–54.1) | <0.001 | 0.332 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 73.4 (57.9–88.8) | 84.9 (69.5–100.3) | 0.061 | 0.049 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 30.9 (23.2–46.3) | 46.3 (30.9–65.6) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol to HDL ratio | 3.83 (3.15–4.76) | 4.45 (3.69–5.40) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Body fat percentage | 32.4 (28.3–36.9) | 34.2 (29.4–40.4) | <0.001 | 0.367 |
| Body skeletal muscle percentage | 26.8 (23.9–29.7) | 25.2 (22.3–29.1) | <0.001 | 0.329 |
| Visceral fat index | 10.0 (6.8–15.0) | 14.0 (10.0–19.0) | <0.001 | 0.753 |
| Basal metabolic rate (Kcal) | 1464.0 (1254.0–1638.3) | 1560.0 (1370.0–1737.0) | <0.001 | 0.269 |
Data are shown by median (interquartile range) for continuous variables and percentages (%) for categorical variables. P value * indicates one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for continuous variables, and chi-square test for categorical variables, between groups with or without hypertension; P value ** indicates after adjusted for age and BMI by ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc test, between groups with or without hypertension. BMI – body mass index; BP – blood pressure; 25(OH)D – 25-hydroxyvitamin D; HDL – high-density lipoprotein; LDL – low-density lipoprotein.