Table 4.
Comparison of clinical features among 3 groups with different body mass index (Kg/m2).
| Variable | BMI <25 (n=261) | 25 ≤BMI <30 (n=393) | BMI ≥30 (n=268) | P value* | P value** |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female (%) | 64.8 | 55.2 | 59.7 | 0.051 | |
| Age (years) | 43.0 (34.5–49.0) | 48.9 (40.9–58.0) | 49.0 (42.0–58.5) | <0.001 | |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 86.0 (78.0–93.0) | 99.0 (90.0–104.0) | 110.0 (104.0–116.0) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 90.0 (82.0–96.0) | 100.0 (93.0–104.0) | 109.0 (104.0–115.0) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 130.0 (120–144.0) | 140.0 (127.0–160.5) | 147.0 (130.0–170.0) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 74.0 (68.0–82.0) | 72.0 (80.0–91.0) | 84.5 (77.0–94.0) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension (%) | 37.2 | 60.1 | 69.4 | <0.001 | |
| 25(OH)D (ng/mL) | 16.5 (12.3–17.9) | 16.2 (11.3–20.4) | 16.1 (11.5–22.5) | 0.639 | 0.402 |
| 25(OH)D deficiency (%) | 74.7 | 74.0 | 67.2 | 0.140 | |
| 25(OH)D insufficiency (%) | 19.9 | 21.6 | 27.6 | 0.140 | |
| 25(OH)D sufficiency (%) | 5.4 | 4.3 | 5.2 | 0.140 | |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 86.4 (79.2–95.4) | 88.2 (82.8–96.1) | 90.0 (81.9–100.8) | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 185.3 (148.3–208.9) | 204.6 (177.7–235.5) | 208.5 (181.5–227.8) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 54.1 (42.5–61.8) | 46.3 (38.6–45.3) | 42.7 (34.7–73.4) | <0.002 | <0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 65.6 (54.1–81.1) | 84.9 (69.5–100.4) | 85.1 (73.4–112.0) | <0.003 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 61.9 (44.2–88.5) | 87.9 (70.9–132.7) | 123.9 (79.6–168.1) | <0.004 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol to HDL ratio | 3.51 (2.94–4.18) | 4.28 (3.58–5.17) | 4.93 (4.11–5.90) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Body fat percentage | 29.8 (23.8–32.2) | 35.3 (29.1–39.0) | 40.1 (32.0–43.1) | <0.005 | <0.001 |
| Body skeletal muscle percentage | 27.4 (25.7–32.3) | 24.9 (23.2–29.7) | 22.0 (21.0–27.4) | <0.006 | <0.001 |
| Visceral fat index | 6.0 (5.0–9.0) | 12.0 (10.0–15.0) | 20.0 (17.0–23.0) | <0.007 | <0.001 |
| Basal metabolic rate (Kcal) | 1301.0 (1183.5 –1522.0) | 1489.0 (1362.0 –1703.5) | 1659.0 (1536.5 –1875.0) | <0.008 | <0.001 |
Data are shown by median (interquartile range) for continuous variables and percentages (%) for categorical variables. P value * indicates one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for continuous variables, and chi-square test for categorical variables, among t3 groups with different BMI ranges; P value ** indicates adjusted for age by ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc test among three groups with different BMI ranges. BMI – body mass index; BP – blood pressure; 25(OH)D – 25-hydroxyvitamin D; HDL – high-density lipoprotein; LDL – low-density lipoprotein.