Table 2.
Association between potential confounders and case status using Conditional Logistic Regression (CLR) (110 Pairs)
| Variables | Category | Case N (%) | Control N (%) | Matched OR (MOR) | 95% CI for MOR† | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Paternal age a (at child’s birth) | More than 35 years | 54 (50.9) | 29 (28.7) | 2.62 | (1.38, 4.96) | <0.01 | |
| Maternal age b (at child’s birth) | More than 35 years | 28 (25.5) | 11 (10.5) | 3.13 | (1.41, 6.93) | <0.01 | |
| Parental education levels c (at child’s birth) | At least one of the parents had education beyond high school | 71 (66.4) | 32 (31.1) | 3.36 | (1.85, 6.10) | <0.01 | |
| Parish of child’s birth | Kingston, St. Andrew, and St. Catherine parishes | 83 (75.5) | 107 (97.3) | 0.04 | (0.01, 0.30) | <0.01 | |
| Seafood consumption | High seafood consumption (More than 6 meals per week) | 28 (25.5) | 48 (43.6) | 0.41 | (0.22, 0.77) | <0.01 | |
| Ate salt water fish | 84 (76.4) | 99 (90.0) | 0.35 | (0.17, 0.78) | <0.01 | ||
| Ate fresh water fish (Pond fish, tilapia) | 48 (43.6) | 60 (54.5) | 0.61 | (0.35, 1.09) | 0.11 | ||
| Ate sardine, mackerel (Canned fish) | 83 (75.5) | 101 (91.8) | 0.28 | (0.12, 0.65) | <0.01 | ||
| Ate tuna (Canned fish) | 35 (31.8) | 48 (43.6) | 0.57 | (0.31, 1.03) | 0.07 | ||
| Ate salt fish (Pickled mackerel) | 77 (70.0) | 100 (90.9) | 0.21 | (0.09, 0.50) | <0.01 | ||
| Ate shellfish (Lobsters, crabs) | 7 (6.4) | 14 (12.7) | 0.42 | (0.15, 1.18) | 0.11 | ||
| Ate shrimp | 22 (20.0) | 30 (27.3) | 0.65 | (0.34, 1.25) | 0.20 | ||
| Fruits and vegetables consumption d | Root vegetables (class 1) | A. Yam, sweet potato, or dasheen | 78 (70.9) | 90 (82.6) | 0.50 | (0.26, 0.97) | 0.04 |
| B. Carrot or pumpkin | 95 (86.4) | 107 (98.1) | 0.14 | (0.03, 0.63) | <0.01 | ||
| Leafy vegetables (class 2) | A. Lettuce | 51 (46.4) | 68 (62.4) | 0.57 | (0.35,0.94) | 0.02 | |
| B. Callaloo, broccoli, or pak choi | 79 (71.8) | 102 (93.5) | 0.23 | (0.10, 0.51) | <0.01 | ||
| C. Cabbage | 73 (66.4) | 102 (93.5) | 0.19 | (0.08, 0.42) | <0.01 | ||
| Legumes | String beans | 36 (32.7) | 46 (42.2) | 0.69 | (0.41, 1.15) | 0.15 | |
| Fruits | Tomatoes | 67 (60.9) | 91 (83.5) | 0.29 | (0.14, 0.58) | <0.01 | |
| Ackee | 64 (58.2) | 101 (92.7) | 0.05 | (0.01, 0.21) | <0.01 | ||
| Avocado | 30 (27.3) | 74 (67.9) | 0.17 | (0.08, 0.34) | <0.01 | ||
| Green banana | 74 (67.3) | 99 (90.8) | 0.29 | (0.14, 0.56) | <0.01 | ||
| Fried plantain | 78 (70.9) | 97 (89.0) | 0.20 | (0.08, 0.52) | <0.01 | ||
| Grains consumed | Rice e | 107 (97.3) | 109 (100) | NR* | NR* | NR* | |
| Fried dumpling | 86 (78.2) | 102 (92.7) | 0.27 | (0.11, 0.67) | <0.01 | ||
| Boiled dumpling | 81 (73.6) | 108 (98.2) | 0.07 | (0.02, 0.29) | <0.01 | ||
| White bread | 54 (49.1) | 85 (77.3) | 0.30 | (0.16, 0.55) | <0.01 | ||
| Whole wheat bread | 82 (74.6) | 67 (60.9) | 2.30 | (1.02, 3.14) | 0.04 | ||
| Cakes/bunsf | 92 (83.6) | 107 (98.2) | 0.11 | (0.03, 0.48) | <0.01 | ||
| Porridge (cornmeal, oatmeal)g | 92 (83.6) | 106 (97.2) | 0.12 | (0.03, 0.51) | <0.01 | ||
| Cold breakfast cerealh | 81 (73.6) | 101(92.7) | 0.28 | (0.13, 0.60) | <0.01 | ||
| Organ meat consumed | Liver/kidneyi | 54 (49.1) | 83 (76.1) | 0.26 | (0.13, 0.52) | <0.01 | |
| Smoking status | Mother is smokerj | 6 (5.5) | 16 (14.7) | 0.38 | (0.15, 0.96) | 0.04 | |
| Mother smoked while pregnant | 4 (3.6) | 6 (5.5) | 0.67 | (0.19, 2.36) | 0.53 | ||
| Smoker lives in the home k | 23 (20.9) | 36 (33.0) | 0.55 | (0.30, 1.02) | 0.06 | ||
NR = Not Reported due to unstable estimates caused by a limited number of observation in at least one of the cells.
If a 95% CI for the MOR does not include one, then we conclude a significant association at 5% level
Paternal age was missing for 4 cases and 9 controls
Maternal age was missing for 5 controls
Parental education levels were missing for 3 cases and 7 controls
Fruits and vegetables consumption was missing for 1 control
Rice consumption was missing for 1 control
Cakes/buns consumption was missing for 1 control
Porridge consumption was missing for 1 control
Cold breakfast cereal consumption was missing for 1 control
Liver/kidney consumption was missing for 1 control
Mother’s smoking status was missing for 1 control
Status of a smoker living in the home was missing for 1 case and 1 control