Table 3.

Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the association of race-specific 25(OH)D tertiles with the top quintile of cognitive test score decline on the DWRT, DSST, and WFT versus the 4 quintiles of lesser change in cognitive test scores over a median follow-up period of 3.0 years and 10.6 years, respectively.

	DWRT OR (95% CI)	DSST OR (95% CI)	WFT OR (95% CI)
Visit 3 (1993–1995) – Visit 4 (1996–1998)
Whites (n=766)
25(OH)D ≥28.3 ng/ml	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
25(OH)D 21.8–<28.3 ng/ml	1.28 (0.80, 2.05)	1.44 (0.91, 2.27)	0.76 (0.48, 1.21)
25(OH)D <21.8 ng/ml	1.09 (0.66, 1.81)	1.13 (0.70, 1.84)	1.04 (0.65, 1.66)
Blacks (n=663)
25(OH)D ≥19.3 ng/ml	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
25(OH)D 14.0–<19.3 ng/ml	1.28 (0.80, 2.05)	1.07 (0.67, 1.72)	0.86 (0.53, 1.40)
25(OH)D <14.0 ng/ml	1.38 (0.86, 2.23)	0.82 (0.50, 1.36)	1.11 (0.68, 1.82)
Visit 3 (1993–1995) – Second Brain MRI Ancillary Visit (2004–2006)
Whites (n=467)
25(OH)D ≥28.3 ng/ml	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
25(OH)D 21.8–<28.3 ng/ml	0.94 (0.52, 1.69)	1.37 (0.78, 2.42)	0.79 (0.42, 1.48)
25(OH)D <21.8 ng/ml	1.24 (0.68, 2.26)	1.71 (0.95, 3.09)	1.14 (0.61, 2.15)
Blacks (n=448)
25(OH)D ≥19.3 ng/ml	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
25(OH)D 14.0–<19.3 ng/ml	1.03 (0.58, 1.84)	0.49 (0.25, 0.97)	0.65 (0.37, 1.15)
25(OH)D <14.0 ng/ml	0.72 (0.38, 1.34)	0.72 (0.37, 1.40)	0.83 (0.47, 1.48)

Model is adjusted for demographics variables (age, sex) and behavioral/socioeconomic variables (education, income, physical activity, smoking, alcohol use, body mass index, waist circumference, and vitamin D supplementation).

Abbreviations: 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; CI, confidence interval; DWRT, Delayed Word Recall Test; DSST, Digit Symbol Substitution Test; WFT, Word Fluency Test.