Table 3.
Baseline and Follow-up Data for Each Outcome Measure for Written Emotional Disclosure (WED) and Control Writing, along with Hierarchical Linear Modeling of Writing × Time Effects over all Follow-up Points, and ANCOVAs at each Follow-up Time Point
| Outcome Time point |
WED (n = 136) |
Control Writing (n = 128) |
HLM | ANCOVA | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | b | p | F | p | pη2 | |
| Disease Activity | −0.00 | .94 | |||||||
| Baseline | 0.05 | (0.89) | −0.05 | (0.93) | |||||
| 1-month | −0.06 | (0.77) | 0.06 | (1.00) | 4.78 | .03 | .018 | ||
| 4-month | 0.02 | (0.85) | −0.03 | (0.95) | 0.02 | .90 | .000 | ||
| 12-month | 0.00 | (0.82) | −0.00 | (0.92) | 0.38 | .54 | .001 | ||
| AIMS2 Pain | −0.05 | .10 | |||||||
| Baseline | 2.96 | (1.01) | 2.85 | (0.99) | |||||
| 1-month | 2.83 | (1.04) | 2.64 | (0.99) | 1.54 | .22 | .006 | ||
| 4-month | 2.84 | (0.97) | 2.58 | (0.92) | 5.27 | .023 | .020 | ||
| 12-month | 2.93 | (1.04) | 2.66 | (0.99) | 3.86 | .05 | .015 | ||
| Affective pain | −0.01 | .71 | |||||||
| Baseline | 0.44 | (0.48) | 0.41 | (0.41) | |||||
| 1-month | 0.39 | (0.46) | 0.41 | (0.48) | 0.75 | .39 | .003 | ||
| 4-month | 0.37 | (0.47) | 0.40 | (0.47) | 0.81 | .37 | .003 | ||
| 12-month | 0.44 | (0.53) | 0.40 | (0.46) | 0.11 | .74 | .000 | ||
| Sensory pain | 0.01 | .74 | |||||||
| Baseline | 1.34 | (0.77) | 1.26 | (0.73) | |||||
| 1-month | 1.29 | (0.82) | 1.28 | (0.81) | 0.26 | .61 | .001 | ||
| 4-month | 1.30 | (0.86) | 1.29 | (0.75) | 0.33 | .57 | .001 | ||
| 12-month | 1.34 | (0.83) | 1.28 | (0.77) | 0.01 | .92 | .000 | ||
| Physical disability | −0.00 | .78 | |||||||
| Baseline | 1.90 | (0.66) | 1.91 | (0.67) | |||||
| 1-month | 1.75 | (0.56) | 1.86 | (0.69) | 6.14 | .014 | .023 | ||
| 4-month | 1.79 | (0.57) | 1.82 | (0.71) | 0.31 | .58 | .001 | ||
| 12-month | 1.79 | (0.57) | 1.81 | (0.68) | 0.01 | .76 | .000 | ||
| Psych symptoms | 0.01 | .49 | |||||||
| Baseline | 2.16 | (0.68) | 2.16 | (0.69) | |||||
| 1-month | 2.05 | (0.64) | 2.14 | (0.75) | 2.95 | .09 | .011 | ||
| 4-month | 2.07 | (0.69) | 2.07 | (0.70) | 0.01 | .93 | .000 | ||
| 12-month | 2.03 | (0.66) | 2.10 | (0.70) | 1.86 | .17 | .007 | ||
| Walking speed | −0.09 | .35 | |||||||
| Baseline | 12.04 | (3.51) | 12.75 | (4.53) | |||||
| 1-month | 11.91 | (3.63) | 12.44 | (4.43) | 0.14 | .71 | .001 | ||
| 4-month | 11.87 | (3.24) | 12.31 | (4.00) | 0.19 | .66 | .001 | ||
| 12-month | 12.03 | (3.37) | 12.43 | (4.16) | 0.24 | .63 | .001 | ||
| Inflammation (CRP) | −0.05 | .51 | |||||||
| Baseline | 8.40 | (11.8) | 9.43 | (15.8) | |||||
| 1-month | 5.14 | (9.91) | 5.95 | (12.8) | 0.04 | .84 | .000 | ||
| 4-month | 5.17 | (11.1) | 6.21 | (14.1) | 0.19 | .66 | .001 | ||
| 12-month | 5.90 | (12.3) | 5.58 | (10.9) | 0.31 | .58 | .001 | ||
Note: Any missing follow-up data was replaced by the last value carried forward; thus, sample sizes are identical across the four time points within each condition.