Table 4.
Baseline and Follow-up Data for Each Outcome Measure for Coping Skills Training (CST) and Arthritis Education Control Training, along with Hierarchical Linear Modeling of Training × Time Effects over all Follow-up Points, and ANCOVAs at each Follow-up Time Point
| Outcome measure Time point |
CST (n = 130) |
Control Training (n = 134) |
HLM | ANCOVA | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | b | p | F | p | pη2 | |
| Disease activity | |||||||||
| Baseline | 0.05 | (0.85) | −0.05 | (0.97) | 0.02 | .48 | |||
| 1-month | 0.06 | (0.85) | −0.06 | (0.93) | 0.49 | .49 | .002 | ||
| 4-month | 0.01 | (0.83) | −0.01 | (0.96) | 0.02 | .90 | .000 | ||
| 12-month | 0.03 | (0.84) | −0.03 | (0.90) | 0.01 | .95 | .000 | ||
| AIMS2 Pain | 0.08 | .01 | |||||||
| Baseline | 3.01 | (0.98) | 2.81 | (1.02) | |||||
| 1-month | 2.75 | (0.99) | 2.73 | (1.05) | 3.02 | .08 | .011 | ||
| 4-month | 2.75 | (0.94) | 2.68 | (0.97) | 0.97 | .33 | .004 | ||
| 12-month | 2.78 | (1.00) | 2.81 | (1.05) | 3.23 | .07 | .012 | ||
| Affective pain | 0.04 | .01 | |||||||
| Baseline | 0.43 | (0.44) | 0.42 | (0.45) | |||||
| 1-month | 0.36 | (0.44) | 0.43 | (0.50) | 2.74 | .10 | .010 | ||
| 4-month | 0.35 | (0.42) | 0.41 | (0.52) | 1.93 | .17 | .007 | ||
| 12-month | 0.35 | (0.44) | 0.49 | (0.54) | 7.59 | .006 | .028 | ||
| Sensory pain | 0.05 | .09 | |||||||
| Baseline | 1.30 | (0.73) | 1.30 | (0.77) | |||||
| 1-month | 1.21 | (0.78) | 1.36 | (0.84) | 3.79 | .05 | .014 | ||
| 4-month | 1.32 | (0.79) | 1.27 | (0.82) | 0.38 | .54 | .001 | ||
| 12-month | 1.21 | (0.75) | 1.41 | (0.83) | 7.19 | .008 | .027 | ||
| Physical disability | 0.01 | .69 | |||||||
| Baseline | 1.95 | (0.63) | 1.87 | (0.69) | |||||
| 1-month | 1.83 | (0.59) | 1.78 | (0.66) | 0.34 | .56 | .001 | ||
| 4-month | 1.85 | (0.64) | 1.75 | (0.65) | 0.47 | .50 | .002 | ||
| 12-month | 1.83 | (0.62) | 1.77 | (0.63) | 0.03 | .87 | .000 | ||
| Psych symptoms | 0.05 | .01 | |||||||
| Baseline | 2.19 | (0.70) | 2.14 | (0.67) | |||||
| 1-month | 2.04 | (0.69) | 2.15 | (0.70) | 9.05 | .003 | .034 | ||
| 4-month | 2.06 | (0.69) | 2.08 | (0.69) | 1.93 | .17 | .007 | ||
| 12-month | 2.01 | (0.65) | 2.12 | (0.70) | 8.48 | .004 | .032 | ||
| Walking speed | 0.19 | .06 | |||||||
| Baseline | 12.21 | (3.67) | 12.55 | (4.38) | |||||
| 1-month | 12.14 | (3.55) | 12.19 | (4.48) | 1.47 | .23 | .006 | ||
| 4-month | 12.16 | (3.41) | 12.00 | (3.83) | 3.70 | .06 | .014 | ||
| 12-month | 12.31 | (3.57) | 12.14 | (3.96) | 2.56 | .11 | .010 | ||
| Inflammation (CRP) | −0.01 | .76 | |||||||
| Baseline | 8.75 | (12.1) | 9.04 | (15.4) | |||||
| 1-month | 5.54 | (12.0) | 5.51 | (10.7) | 0.06 | .80 | .000 | ||
| 4-month | 6.11 | (14.4) | 5.25 | (10.7 | 0.74 | .34 | .003 | ||
| 12-month | 5.62 | (12.1) | 5.87 | (11.2) | 0.00 | .95 | .000 | ||
Note: Any missing follow-up data was replaced by the last value carried forward; thus, sample sizes are identical across the four time points within each condition.