Table 1.

Cohort demographics in the Liverpool and Manchester Neurodevelopment Group prospective study

	Numbers enrolled 2000–2004 (n)đ	Outcome known (n)	% retained	Seizures during pregnancy (%)		Maternal epilepsy type			Mean maternal age (years)	Alcohol (%)	Nicotine (%)	Socioeconomic status (% professional)	Gender (% male)	Mean child age (mths)	Mean gestational age at birth (weeks)
				Convulsive	Non Convulsive	IGE (%)	F (%)	UC (%)
Controls○	285	214	75%	-	-	-	-	-	29	30.8	16.4	40.7	51.9	74	40
WWE◆	243	201	83%	33.5	14.3	32.0	54.2	13.8	28	17.9	27.9	31.0	57.1	74	39
CBZ	59	50	85%	19.6	19.6	9.8	80.4	9.8	30	17.6	23.5	41.2	49.0	74	39
LTG	36	30	83%	40.0	10.0	23.3	56.7	20.0	28	10.0	16.7	40.0	56.7	74	40
Other	14	14	100%	35.7	21.4	28.6	71.4	0.0	30	28.6	50.0	28.6	57.1	74	40
VPA	59	50	85%	41.2	11.8	66.7	21.6	11.8	27	17.6	29.4	23.5	68.6	74	39
Poly VPA	30	20	67%	50.0	10	35.0	55.0	10.0	26	10.5	26.3	25.0	50.0	75	39
Poly Other	11	11	100%	81.8	9.1	0	81.8	18.2	29	27.3	18.2	18.2	54.5	74	39
No Med	34	26	76*	4.0	12.0	32.0	40.0	28.0	26	25.0	37.5	32.0	72.0	75	39

^đ Figures are inclusive of children recruited between 2000 and 2004 who attended at least one appointment or completed one phone visit with investigators (actively enrolled).

^○ 2 sets of dizygotic twins included.

^◆5 sets of twins – 3 exposed to monotherapy VPA (1 dizygotic pair and one unconfirmed) and 2 exposed to monotherapy CBZ (1 dizygotic pair). Alcohol – any level of consumption during pregnancy (including prior to conception). Nicotine – including prior to knowledge of conception. WWE – women with epilepsy, IGE- idiopathic generalised epilepsy, F- focal, UC- unclassified.