Table 1.

Study design, quality and outcomes

	Saporito et al (2011)34	Economou et al (2011)32	Pinto-Foltz et al (2011)40	Chan et al (2009)33	Pitre et al (2007)28	Rahman et al (1998)24	Ventieri et al (2011)31	Wahl et al (2011)30	Robinson et al (2010)39	Naylor et al (2009)29	Conrad et al (2009)38	O’Kearney (2009)27	O’Kearney et al (2006)26	Rickwood et al (2004)37	Schulze et al (2003)36	Ng & Chan (2002)35,d	Esters et al (1998)25
Design	RCT	Cl-RCT	Cl-RCT	Cl-RCT	Cl-RCT	Cl-RCT	NRT	NRT	NRT	NRT	? NRT	CBA	CBA	CBA	CBA	CBA	CBA
Interventiona	I, Ed	Ed	C, Ed	I, Ed	Ed	Ed	Ed	Ed	C, Ed	Ed	C, Ed	Ed	Ed	C, Ed	C, Ed	C, Ed	Ed
Durationb	1	1	1	1	?	3	2	2	1	3	2	3	3	1	2	3	2
Risk of biasc
1	?	?	?	?	?	✓	˟	˟	˟	˟	˟	˟	˟	˟	˟	˟	˟
2	?	?	?	?	?	✓	˟	?	?	?	?	˟	˟	˟	˟	˟	˟
3	?	✓	✓	?	✓	✓	✓	?	?	✓	?	✓	✓	[6	˟	✓	?
4	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	˟	˟	?	˟	✓	?	˟	˟	˟	˟	?	˟
5					˟	?	˟			?
6	?	˟	?	˟	✓	✓	✓	?	˟	✓	?	˟	˟	?	˟	?	˟
7	?	˟	˟	˟	˟	˟	˟	˟	˟	˟	˟	˟	˟	˟	˟	˟	˟
8	?	✓	✓	?	?	✓	?	˟	?	✓	?	˟	˟	?	?	˟	?
9	✓	˟	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	˟	✓	˟	˟	˟	✓	✓
Results of follow-upe
Knowledge	n/a	-	/	✓	n/a	n/a	/	/	n/a	/	-	˟	-	n/a	-	-	-
Stigma	n/a	✓˟	˟	˟✓	n/a	n/a	✓✓✓	✓✓	n/a	-	˟	˟	˟	n/a	˟✓	˟˟✓d	✓

RCT, randomised controlled trial; Cl-RCT, cluster RCT; NRT, non-RCT; CBA, controlled before-after studies.

^a.Intervention type: C, direct contact; I, indirect contact; Ed, education.

^b.Duration: 1, one session; 2, >1 session but within 1 week; 3, weekly sessions for 2 weeks or more.

^c.Risk of bias: ✓, low risk; ˟, high risk; ?, unclear risk. 1,Was the allocation sequence adequately generated?; 2,Was the allocation sequence adequately concealed?; 3 Were baseline outcome measurements similar (for outcomes included in the review)?; 4,Were baseline characteristics similar?; 5,Were site profiles compared if different sites used as control/intervention?; 6,Was study adequately protected against contamination?; 7,Was knowledge of the allocated interventions adequately prevented during the study (masking)?; 8, Was incomplete outcome data adequately addressed?; 9, Was the study free from selective outcome reporting?

^d.Shows the proportion of questionnaire items that did or did not show significant change (i.e. if results in the study are reported by change in individual questionnaire items, or for Opinions about Mental Illness when the six factors are reported separately).

^e.Results at follow-up for ‘stigma’ (attitudes, behavioural intentions or affect) and knowledge measures: ✓, statistically significant change in intervention group in stigma-relevant or knowledge outcome measure (summed scores); ˟, no statistically significant difference;-, outcome not measured in study; n/a, outcome not measured in study at this time point. More than one tick or cross in a cell indicates that more than one outcome measure was evaluated. Results from the six outcome measures developed specifically for the interventions they were testing with reliability not measured (or α < 0.7) are not included. If this leaves no results at a time point, this is represented by /.