The shape model can be used to generate physiologically representative meshes for finite element analysis. (A) The mean shape, shown here as an example mesh, is the simplest representative shape. The nucleus pulposus, in blue, is defined using data from O’Connell et al. (2007). (B) Since PC 1 is correlated with degeneration, PC 1 can be scaled and summed with the mean shape to create representative shapes for specific degeneration grades. Other linear combinations of principal components can also be used, depending on the application. All shapes in this figure are plotted using the same scale.