Fig. 2.

Concentrations of 41 individual metabolites (z-score mean ± SEM) found at significantly higher levels (P < 0.05, q < 0.05) during sleep deprivation compared with during sleep (00:00–06:00 h). Asterisks and bold labels denote metabolites only showing significant changes between the sleep and sleep-deprivation (00:00–06:00 h) conditions. The metabolites not annotated also changed significantly (P < 0.05, q < 0.05) between wake periods (14:00–22:00 h) on day 1 and day 2. White bars, awake, 90 lx, free to move; gray bars, awake, < 5 lx, semirecumbent; black bars, sleeping with eye masks, 0 lx, supine.