Fig. 4.

The divergence times of extant bears and two caniform out-groups estimated under the FBD model. The branch lengths are in proportion to the mean branch time in millions of years. Horizontal node bars represent the 95% CI for node ages. In each labeled box, the ovals indicate the fossil occurrence times. The fossils in the family Ursidae are all indicated with black ovals, whereas the out-group fossils are shaded light gray. Ursus (including Melursus and Helarctos) species include the sloth bear, brown bear, polar bear, sun bear, American black bear, and Asian black bear. (Silhouette images available at http://phylopic.org/.)