Table 2. Characteristics of the included studies.

Studies included	Time	Case number	Interventions	Primary measures	Methodological quality
Wang (5)	2009	62/36	M/O	Tumor size, residual tumor, and complications	B
Pang Z (7)	2011	90/90	M/O	Operative time, blood loss, and complications	C
Wang YX (15)	2010	1,746/378	M/O	Residual tumor, breast deformation, and complications	C
Yang ZL (12)	2008	98/133	M/O	Tumor size, incision length, blood loss, operative time, and complications	C
Si ST (9)	2009	40/40	M/O	Incision length, blood loss, recovery time, and scar size	C
Di CF (8)	2010	40/40	M/O	Incision length, blood loss, scar size, and recovery time	C
Zhang SP (11)	2008	35/40	M/O	Blood loss, recovery time, scar size, breast deformation, and complications	C
Sun ZY (6)	2009	40/57	M/O	Tumor size, incision length, operative time, and residual tumor	C
Zhou J (10)	2003	65/482	M/O	Tumor size, scar size, and complications	C
Gao JJ (16)	2009	83/80	M/O	Incision length, residual tumor, and complications	C
Wang J (17)	2010	200/200	M/O	Operative time, incision length, and complications	C
Gu B (18)	2008	205/205	M/O	Operative time, incision length, residual tumor, and breast deformation	C
Chen (13)	2003	128/104	M/O	Tumor size, operative time, and complications	C
Wang QY (19)	2006	37/42	M/O	Incision length, operative time, and complications	C
Qu WZ (14)	2011	191/269	M/O	Tumor size and breast deformation	C

M, Mammotome (vacuum-assisted excision); O, Open excision.