Table 3.
Clinical and Dietary Variables According to Glycemic Control
| A1c <8.5% (n=143) | A1c ≥8.5% (n=109) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical variable | |||
| Age (years) | 12.8±2.8 | 13.8±2.8 | 0.004 |
| Sex (% male) | 55.9 | 45.9 | 0.1 |
| Race/ethnicity (% non-white) | 6.3 | 11.1 | 0.2 |
| z-BMI (SDS) | 0.6±0.8 | 0.8±0.8 | 0.06 |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 6.1±3.2 | 6.6±3.6 | 0.3 |
| Insulin dose (units/kg/day) | 0.8±0.2 | 0.9±0.3 | 0.02 |
| BG monitoring (times/day) | 6.2±2.1 | 4.5±1.9 | <0.0001 |
| Pump-treated | 78.3% | 56.0% | <0.0001 |
| A1c (%) | 7.6±0.6 | 9.6±1.2 | <0.0001 |
| Dietary variable | |||
| TEI (kcal/kg/day) | 43.2±15.6 | 36.5±14.4 | 0.0006 |
| Carbohydrate intake (% TEI) | 49.7±6.1 | 48.0±6.4 | 0.04 |
| Protein intake (% TEI) | 16.1±2.8 | 16.1±3.2 | 1.0 |
| Fat intake (% TEI) | 34.3±5.3 | 35.9±5.7 | 0.02 |
| Saturated fat intake (% TEI) | 12.3±2.7 | 12.5±2.5 | 0.6 |
| Trans fat intake (% TEI) | 2.2±0.8 | 2.2±1.1 | 1.0 |
| Fiber intake (g/day) | 17.0±5.6 | 15.0±6.1 | 0.007 |
A1c, hemoglobin A1c; BG, blood glucose; SDS, SD score; TEI, total energy intake; z-BMI, body mass index z-score.