Table 1.
Means and Standard Deviations of Stressful Life Events, Rumination, and Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety
| Measure | Total sample
|
Males
|
Females
|
Gender difference t | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
| Adolescent sample | |||||||
| Stressful life events | 5.10 | 3.33 | 5.09 | 3.47 | 5.12 | 3.19 | t(999)=0.15 |
| Time 1 CRSQ rumination | 10.94 | 7.65 | 9.40 | 7.12 | 12.53 | 7.84 | t(1045)=6.77* |
| Time 1 CDI depression | 9.67 | 6.44 | 9.11 | 6.37 | 10.25 | 6.47 | t(1052)=2.87* |
| Time 1 MASC anxiety | 40.19 | 15.39 | 36.67 | 14.98 | 43.95 | 14.95 | t(1058)=7.92* |
| Time 2 CRSQ rumination | 10.84 | 7.65 | 8.72 | 6.66 | 12.24 | 8.17 | t(835)=6.85* |
| Time 3 CRSQ rumination | 10.18 | 8.07 | 8.25 | 7.31 | 11.43 | 8.35 | t(830)=5.83* |
| Time 3 CDI depression | 10.63 | 8.15 | 9.70 | 8.18 | 10.73 | 7.74 | t(852)=1.90* |
| Time 3 MASC anxiety | 34.80 | 18.05 | 31.64 | 18.51 | 37.49 | 17.22 | t(853)=4.79* |
| Adult sample | |||||||
| Stressful life events | 1.98 | 1.77 | 1.85 | 1.73 | 2.09 | 1.79 | t(1325)=2.55* |
| Time 1 RSQ rumination | 1.88 | 0.48 | 1.82 | 0.45 | 1.91 | 0.49 | t(1325)=3.65* |
| Time 1 BDI depression | 4.58 | 4.35 | 4.11 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 4.60 | t(1325)=3.74* |
| Time 1 BAI anxiety | 0.33 | 0.35 | 0.29 | 0.32 | 0.37 | 0.38 | t(1241)=4.00* |
| Time 2 RSQ rumination | 38.81 | 10.23 | 37.35 | 9.51 | 40.05 | 10.65 | t(1130)=4.47* |
| Time 2 BDI depression | 3.97 | 4.08 | 3.51 | 3.83 | 4.35 | 4.25 | t(1131)=3.50* |
| Time 2 BAI anxiety | 0.30 | 0.32 | 0.25 | 0.29 | 0.34 | 0.35 | t(1131)=5.00* |
Note. CRSQ = Children’s Response Styles Questionnaire; CDI = Children’s Depression Inventory; MASC = Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children; RSQ = Response Styles Questionnaire; BDI = Beck Depression Inventory; BAI = Beck Anxiety Inventory.
**
Significant at the .01 level, 2-sided test.