TABLE 3.
Mean scaled scores (standard deviation), results from one-way ANOVAs, and Cohen's d effect size estimates for HD patients, premanifest gene carriers (Pre-HD) and healthy controls on standardized neuropsychological tests and the temporal order task.
| HD | Pre-HD | Control | F | (df) | p | Posthoc | HD d | Pre-HD d | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Temporal Order Testa | 2.60 (2.96) | 6.28 (4.04) | 9.44 (2.86) | 20.26 | (2, 60) | <.001* | Con > Pre-HD > HD | 2.67 | 1.42 |
| Verbal Fluency | |||||||||
| Letter Fluency | 7.25 (3.52) | 11.06 (4.39) | 12.72 (3.12) | 12.82 | (2, 60) | <.001* | Con = Pre-HD > HD | 1.65 | .44 |
| Category Fluency | 5.05 (2.84) | 10.61 (3.22) | 11.68 (3.02) | 29.18 | (2, 60) | <.001* | Con = Pre-HD > HD | 2.26 | .34 |
| Color Word Interference Test | 5.75 (3.71) | 10.76 (3.99) | 12.52 (2.04) | 24.08 | (2, 57) | <.001* | Con = Pre-HD > HD | 2.26 | .55 |
| Hopkins Verbal Learning Test | |||||||||
| Total Recall | 4.50 (4.06) | 10.50 (3.70) | 12.04 (2.69) | 28.14 | (2, 60) | <.001* | Con = Pre-HD > HD | 2.19 | .57 |
| Delayed Recall | 4.90 (4.28) | 10.67 (2.28) | 10.84 (2.84) | 22.42 | (2, 60) | <.001* | Con = Pre-HD > HD | 1.64 | .07 |
*
Represents statistically significant difference
a
Total correct across all spatial separation lags