Table 2.
Patient Characteristics by Severe Maternal Morbidity*
| No. (%) in Patients With Severe Maternal Morbidity, n=332 | No. (%) in Patients Without Severe Maternal Morbidity, n=115,156 | P† | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal characteristics | |||
|
| |||
| Age, years | <0.001 | ||
| < 35 | 232 (69.9) | 95914 (83.3) | |
|
| |||
| ≥35 | 100 (30.1) | 19242 (16.7) | |
|
| |||
| Race/ethnicity‡ | <0.001 | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | 114 (34.3) | 51922 (45.1) | |
|
| |||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 110 (33.1) | 23761 (20.6) | |
|
| |||
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 22 (6.6) | 5976 (5.2) | |
|
| |||
| Hispanic | 66 (19.9) | 27224 (23.6) | |
|
| |||
| Other | 16 (4.8) | 5067 (4.4) | |
|
| |||
| Not documented | 4 (1.2) | 1206 (1.1) | |
|
| |||
| Body mass index at delivery, kg/m2 | <0.001 | ||
| < 25 | 44 (13.5) | 14198 (12.6) | |
|
| |||
| 25–29.9 | 102 (31.4) | 41160 (36.5) | |
|
| |||
| 30–34.9 | 79 (24.3) | 32006 (28.4) | |
|
| |||
| 35–39.9 | 44 (13.5) | 15041 (13.3) | |
|
| |||
| ≥40 | 56 (17.2) | 10423 (9.2) | |
|
| |||
| Cigarette use during pregnancy | 57 (17.2) | 11308 (9.8) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| Cocaine or methamphetamine use during pregnancy | 9 (2.7) | 821 (0.7) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| Insurance status | <0.001 | ||
| Non-government assisted | 159 (48.3) | 69284 (60.7) | |
|
| |||
| Government-assisted | 170 (51.7) | 44949 (39.4) | |
|
| |||
| Prenatal care | 284 (96.6) | 107213 (97.9) | 0.11 |
|
| |||
| Obstetric history | <0.001 | ||
| Nulliparous | 123 (37.1) | 46646 (40.5) | |
|
| |||
| Prior vaginal delivery only | 92 (27.7) | 49769 (43.2) | |
|
| |||
| Prior cesarean only | 43 (13.0) | 8827 (7.7) | |
|
| |||
| Prior cesarean and vaginal | 74 (22.3) | 9885 (8.6) | |
|
| |||
| Any hypertension | 133 (40.1) | 13133 (11.4) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| Diabetes mellitus | <0.001 | ||
| None | 265 (79.8) | 106430 (92.5) | |
|
| |||
| Gestational | 47 (14.2) | 6951 (6.0) | |
|
| |||
| Pregestational | 20 (6.0) | 1712 (1.5) | |
|
| |||
| Anticoagulant use during pregnancy | 22 (6.6) | 895 (0.8) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| Multiple gestation | 30 (9.0) | 2785 (2.4) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| Polyhydramnios | 7 (2.1) | 933 (0.8) | 0.02 |
|
| |||
| Oligohydramnios | 15 (4.5) | 4684 (4.1) | 0.67 |
|
| |||
| Placenta previa | 20 (6.0) | 447 (0.4) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| Placenta accreta | 41 (12.4) | 116 (0.1) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| Placental abruption | 24 (7.2) | 906 (0.8) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| PROM/preterm PROM | 19 (6.0) | 5983 (5.3) | 0.56 |
|
| |||
| GBS status | <0.001 | ||
| Negative | 125 (37.7) | 68792 (59.7) | |
|
| |||
| Positive | 51 (15.4) | 24335 (21.1) | |
|
| |||
| Unknown | 156 (47.0) | 22029 (19.1) | |
|
| |||
| Neonatal characteristics (on maternal level, according to first born in multiple gestations) | |||
|
| |||
| Presentation at delivery | <0.001 | ||
| Vertex | 272 (82.4) | 109421 (95.3) | |
|
| |||
| Breech | 47 (14.2) | 4796 (4.2) | |
|
| |||
| Non-breech malpresentation | 11 (3.3) | 656 (0.6) | |
|
| |||
| Gestational age at delivery, weeks | <0.001 | ||
|
| |||
| 230–276 | 28 (8.4) | 1055 (0.9) | |
|
| |||
| 280–336 | 57 (17.2) | 3508 (3.1) | |
|
| |||
| 340–366 | 82 (24.7) | 8871 (7.7) | |
|
| |||
| 370–376 | 34 (10.2) | 10395 (9.0) | |
|
| |||
| 380–386 | 32 (9.6) | 20311 (17.6) | |
|
| |||
| 390–396 | 52 (15.7) | 37553 (32.6) | |
|
| |||
| 400–406 | 30 (9.0) | 23832 (20.7) | |
|
| |||
| 410–416 | 16 (4.8) | 8981 (7.8) | |
|
| |||
| ≥420 | 1 (0.3) | 651 (0.6) | |
|
| |||
| Size for gestational age | <0.001 | ||
| Small | 53 (16.0) | 10624 (9.2) | |
|
| |||
| Appropriate | 249 (75.2) | 95466 (82.9) | |
|
| |||
| Large | 29 (8.8) | 9048 (7.9) | |
PROM, premature rupture of membranes; GBS, group B streptococcus.
*
Severe maternal morbidity defined as a score of at least 8 based on the system of Geller et al.4
†
Based on the chi-square or Fisher’s exact test.
‡
Race or ethnicity as reported in the chart.