Table 3. Factors associated with mortality and loss to follow-up.
| Mortality | Mortality (n = 1315) | Loss to Follow-up | Loss to Follow-up (n = 1386) | |||||||
| Bivariate | Multivariate | Bivariate | Multivariate | |||||||
| N | HR (95% CI) | p-value | AHR (95% CI) | p-value | N | OR (95% CI) | p-value | AOR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Male (Ref: Female) | 1509 | 1.50 (0.90, 2.49) | NS | — | — | 1450 | 1.00 (0.77, 1.30) | NS | — | — |
| Weight for age (z-score) | 1379 | 0.90 (0.85, 0.95) | 0.0003 | 0.92 (0.87, 0.98) | 0.0121 | 1328 | 0.99 (0.96, 1.03) | NS | — | — |
| Age at ART initiation ≤24 months (Ref: >24) | 1506 | 1.76 (1.06, 2.94) | 0.0297 | 1.00 (0.51, 1.99) | NS | 1447 | 1.56 (1.16, 2.09) | 0.0029 | 1.36 (0.99, 1.87) | NS |
| Baseline immunosuppression1 | 1435 | 1388 | ||||||||
| Severe | 6.11 (1.89, 19.76) | 0.0025 | 7.21 (1.72, 30.21) | 0.0068 | 1.48 (1.02, 2.14) | 0.0374 | 1.45 (0.99, 2.11) | NS | ||
| Moderate | 1.95 (0.53, 7.19) | NS | 2.88 (0.62, 13.39) | NS | 1.14 (0.77, 1.70) | NS | 1.13 (0.75, 1.70) | NS | ||
| No suppression | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||
| High quality indicator score2 (Ref: Low) | 1511 | 0.43 (0.26, 0.73) | 0.0015 | 0.47 (0.26, 0.87) | 0.0165 | 1452 | 0.40 (0.31, 0.53) | <0.0001 | 0.42 (0.32, 0.56) | <0.0001 |
HR, hazard ratio; AHR, adjusted hazard ratio; OR, odds ratio; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; NS, not significant
For patients less than two years of age, severe immunosuppression was defined as an initial CD4 count less than 750 cells/mm3 or percentage less than 15%, moderate immunosuppression as an initial CD4 count of between 750 and 1500 cells/mm3 or percentage of between 15% and 25%, and no immunosuppression as an initial CD4 count of 1500 cells/mm3 or more, or percentage of 25% or more. For patients between two and five years of age, severe immunosuppression was defined as an initial CD4 count less than 500 cells/mm3 or percentage less than 15%, moderate immunosuppression as an initial CD4 count of between 500 and 1000 cells/mm3 or percentage of between 15% and 25%, and no immunosuppression as an initial CD4 count of 1000 cells/mm3 or more, or percentage of 25% or more. For patients between five years of age or older, severe immunosuppression was defined as an initial CD4 count less than 200 cells/mm3 or percentage less than 15%, moderate immunosuppression as an initial CD4 count of between 200 and 500 cells/mm3 or percentage of between 15% and 25%, and no immunosuppression as an initial CD4 count of 500 cells/mm3 or more, or percentage of 25% or more.
1 point assigned for each service received (screened for tuberculosis, adherence counseling at last visit, adherence measured by patient/caregiver self-report at last visit, ever prescribed co-trimoxazole, alive and not lost to follow-up with at least one CD4 count in the last six months, and weight documented in chart at patient's last visit and 0 points assigned if the service was not received, for a total of 6 points. A high score was defined as having the median score or above (>4 points).