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Generating intracellular signaling gradients by localized optical inhibition. (A) Optical recruitment of an RGS protein to a spatially confined region of the plasma membrane generates localized GAP activity, resulting in deactivation of the α subunit and the βγ complex. (B) Local inhibition of βγ signaling by optical recruitment of a βγ-sequestering peptide. Both approaches provide spatial control over G protein subunit activity downstream of uniform GPCR activation.
