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. 2011 Sep 8;111(6):1687–1693. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00319.2011

Table 3.

Menstrual and hormonal changes

Variable Average Pre Average Post Mean %Change P Value
Menstrual cycle length, days 28.9 ± 2.0 29.4 ± 1.7 +3.6 ± 0.01 0.51
Luteal phase length, days 11.3 ± 2.5 11.1 ± 2.4 +1.4 ± 0.25 0.83
Luteal phase deficiency
    %Cycles, out of 14 cycles) 21% 21% 0.0 1.00
    No. of subjects (out of 7) 3 3 0.0
Estrogen AUC, E1G ng/ml
    Total cycle 11,20.1 ± 309.1 908.2 ± 160.5 −18.9 ± 15.2 0.03
    Follicular phase 672.9 ± 181.3 610.3 ± 139.8 −6.8 ± 16.9 0.20
    Luteal phase 452.0 ± 174.9 291.5 ± 63.8 −30.3 ± 19.0 0.02
Progesterone AUC, PdG, ng/ml
    Total cycle 88.2 ± 35.9 67.3 ± 20.4 −23.7 ± 28.9 0.05
    Follicular phase 20.6 ± 10.5 19.7 ± 4.1 −21.6 ± 66.6 0.85
    Luteal phase 67.7 ± 32.5 47.4 ± 19.9 −25.7 ± 17.7 0.002

Values are means ± SD; n = 7 subjects. Pre, cycles 1 and 2; Post, cycles 6 and 7; AUC, area under the curve; E1G, estrone-1-glucuronide; PdG, pregnanediol-3-glucuronide.