Table 3.

Day/night differences in HR, body temperature, and cage activity under LD and DD conditions

	WT Mice		VIP-Deficient Mice
	Day	Night	Day	Night
LD conditions
HR, beats/min	508 ± 15	580 ± 16†	517 ± 14	532 ± 16
Body temperature, °C	35.8 ± 0.13	37.2 ± 0.09†	36.2 ± 0.06	36.4 ± 0.13
Cage activity	3.6 ± 0.3	8.7 ± 1.1*	4.2 ± 0.4	5.6 ± 0.8*

	Subjective day	Subjective night	Subjective day	Subjective night
DD conditions
HR, beats/min	486 ± 10	549 ± 10†	504 ± 6	510 ± 7
Body temperature, °C	35.6 ± 0.05	37.2 ± 0.09†	36.1 ± 0.07	36.5 ± 0.05†
Cage activity	3.4 ± 0.4	9.3 ± 1.3†	4.1 ± 0.1	5.4 ± 0.1*

Values are means ± SE; n = 7 WT mice and 8 VIP-deficient mice. Day/subjective day (ZT or CT 0–11) and night/subjective night (ZT or CT 12–23) values of HR, body temperature, and cage activity were averaged over 10 days and compared using a paired Student's t-test (* P < 0.05; † P < 0.001).